Oral mRNA delivery using capsule-mediated gastrointestinal tissue injections

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Platforms and current developments

“…149 For enteral use, an interesting approach is the milli-injector capsule with nanoparticle formulations of nucleic acids, which is able to deliver to the gastric epithelia. 191 Furthermore, norovirus and SARS-CoV-2 sequences have been combined to generate an orally delivered saRNA vaccine. 192 Recombinant murine cytomegalovirus was successfully used in mice as a vector-based vaccine against influenza and SARS-CoV-2.…”

Administration strategies and smart devices for drug release in specific sites of the upper GI tract

“…Keeping the idea of developing an easily ingestible system, a self-orienting millimeter-scale applicator (SOMA), able to autonomously insert drug-loaded milliposts into the gastric mucosa was described [86,87,117]. In fact, being characterized by a wall thickness in the 4-6 mm range, a quick regeneration capability and a mucous barrier that could temporary seals defects in the lining, the stomach would be characterized by less risk of tissue perforation.…”

“…A version capable of retracting the needle after injection was also designed. More recently, the possibility to effectively deliver nucleic acids through the SOMA system was also investigated, studying the transfection of dosed mRNA in cells and in animal models [117].…”

Nucleic acid strategies for infectious disease treatments: The nanoparticle-based oral delivery route

“…A branched hybrid poly (β-amino ester) mRNA NP flatform was developed and capsule-mediated orally dosed to GI tissue, enabling nucleic acid delivery to stomachs for both gastric and systemic uptake and transfection. Similar to vaccines, this platform would facilitate rapid utilization of episodic interventions ( Abramson et al, 2022 ). Moreover, a self-amplifying RNA lipid NP flatform was deployed to neutralize severe acute SARS-COV-2 (variants alpha and delta).…”