Oral Microbiota Composition and Function Changes During Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis

Lyu, Xin; Zheng, Hui; Wang, Xu; Zhang, Heyu; L, Gao; Xun, Zhe; Zhang, Qian; He, Xuesong; Hua, Hong; Zhang, Yan; Chen, Feng

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.691092

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“… A schematic view of oropharyngeal candidiasis showing the complex participants in the infection. The oral microbiome associated with candidiasis is different from the oral microbiome in health [ 86 ]. The outgrowth of C. albicans hyphae may be facilitated by or drive the changes associated with the dysbiotic microbiome.…”

Section: Spectrum Of Amp Activity Across Microbial Kingdomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier

Johnstone

Herzberg

2022

Front. Oral. Health

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The recent epidemic caused by aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus illustrates the importance and vulnerability of the mucosal epithelial barrier against infection. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are key to the epithelial barrier, providing immunity against microbes. In primitive life forms, AMPs protect the integument and the gut against pathogenic microbes. AMPs have also evolved in humans and other mammals to enhance newer, complex innate and adaptive immunity to favor the persistence of commensals over pathogenic microbes. The canonical AMPs are helictical peptides that form lethal pores in microbial membranes. In higher life forms, this type of AMP is exemplified by the defensin family of AMPs. In epithelial tissues, defensins, and calprotectin (complex of S100A8 and S100A9) have evolved to work cooperatively. The mechanisms of action differ. Unlike defensins, calprotectin sequesters essential trace metals from microbes, which inhibits growth. This review focuses on defensins and calprotectin as AMPs that appear to work cooperatively to fortify the epithelial barrier against infection. The antimicrobial spectrum is broad with overlap between the two AMPs. In mice, experimental models highlight the contribution of both AMPs to candidiasis as a fungal infection and periodontitis resulting from bacterial dysbiosis. These AMPs appear to contribute to innate immunity in humans, protecting the commensal microflora and restricting the emergence of pathobionts and pathogens. A striking example in human innate immunity is that elevated serum calprotectin protects against neonatal sepsis. Calprotectin is also remarkable because of functional differences when localized in epithelial and neutrophil cytoplasm or released into the extracellular environment. In the cytoplasm, calprotectin appears to protect against invasive pathogens. Extracellularly, calprotectin can engage pathogen-recognition receptors to activate innate immune and proinflammatory mechanisms. In inflamed epithelial and other tissue spaces, calprotectin, DNA, and histones are released from degranulated neutrophils to form insoluble antimicrobial barriers termed neutrophil extracellular traps. Hence, calprotectin and other AMPs use several strategies to provide microbial control and stimulate innate immunity.

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Section: Spectrum Of Amp Activity Across Microbial Kingdomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier

Johnstone

Herzberg

2022

Front. Oral. Health

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“…However, this symbiotic relationship remains fragile and susceptible to change depending on social, economic, dietary and nutritional factors; sedentary lifestyle, autonomy, hygiene compliance, smoking and alcohol consumption as well as genetic and physiological factors [5,[9][10][11][12]. These factors directly influence the composition of the microbiota and also its behaviour and its evolution from a commensal microbiota to pathogenicity [13]. Since the notion of infectious disease first appeared, humans have tried to classify microorganisms as pathogens or commensals as part of the local and resident microbiota, evolving in perfect symbiosis with their host [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturing the Human Oral Microbiota, Updating Methodologies and Cultivation Techniques

et al. 2023

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Recent years have been marked by a paradigm shift in the study of the human microbiota, with a re-emergence of culture-dependent approaches. Numerous studies have been devoted to the human microbiota, while studies on the oral microbiota still remain limited. Indeed, various techniques described in the literature may enable an exhaustive study of the microbial composition of a complex ecosystem. In this article, we report different methodologies and culture media described in the literature that can be applied to study the oral microbiota by culture. We report on specific methodologies for targeted culture and specific culture techniques and selection methodologies for cultivating members of the three kingdoms of life commonly found in the human oral cavity, namely, eukaryota, bacteria and archaea. This bibliographic review aims to bring together the various techniques described in the literature, enabling a comprehensive study of the oral microbiota in order to demonstrate its involvement in oral health and diseases.

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Oral microbiome dysbiosis among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to non-users

Chattopadhyay,

Malayil,

Chopyk

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Tobacco use significantly influences the oral microbiome. However, less is known about how different tobacco products specifically impact the oral microbiome over time. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the oral microbiome of cigarette users, smokeless tobacco users, and non-users over 4 months (four time points). Buccal swab and saliva samples (n = 611) were collected from 85 participants. DNA was extracted from all samples and sequencing was carried out on an Illumina MiSeq, targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cigarette and smokeless tobacco users had more diverse oral bacterial communities, including a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria, when compared to non-users. Non-users had a higher relative abundance of Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Oribacterium, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Rothia, and Veillonella in buccal swab samples, compared to tobacco users. While the most abundant bacterial genera were relatively constant over time, some species demonstrated significant shifts in relative abundance between the first and last time points. In addition, some opportunistic pathogens were detected among tobacco users including Neisseria subflava, Bulleidia moorei and Porphyromonas endodontalis. Overall, our results provide a more holistic understanding of the structure of oral bacterial communities in tobacco users compared to non-users.

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Oral Microbiota Composition and Function Changes During Chronic Erythematous Candidiasis

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier

Antimicrobial peptides: Defending the mucosal epithelial barrier

Culturing the Human Oral Microbiota, Updating Methodologies and Cultivation Techniques

Oral microbiome dysbiosis among cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to non-users

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