Oral clefts, consanguinity, parental tobacco and alcohol use: a case-control study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

This hospital-based, case-control study investigated the possible associations between family history of malformations, parental consanguinity, smoking and alcohol drinking and nonsyndromic orofacial cleft (OC, subdivided in 2 main groups: CL/P - cleft lip with or without cleft palate and CP - cleft palate alone). 274 cases were matched (age, sex and place of residence) to 548 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) - adjusted for maternal age, schooling and smoking / alcohol use - were calculated by conditional logistic regression. The results demonstrated that the history of oral clefts either in the father's (CL/P: OR = 16.00, 5.64-69.23; CP: OR = 6.64, 1.48-33.75) or in the mother's family (CL/P: OR = 5.00, 2.31-10.99, CP: OR = 12.44, 1.33-294.87) was strongly associated with both types of clefts, but parental consanguinity was associated only with CL/P (OR = 3.8, 1.27-12.18). Prevalence of maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy was higher among cases but the OR (1.13, 0.81-1.57) was not statistically significant. Maternal passive smoking (nonsmoking mothers) during pregnancy was associated with CL/P (1.39, 1.01-1.98) but not with CP. Maternal alcohol use during the 1st trimester increased odds for CL/P (OR = 2.08, 1.27-3.41) and CP (OR = 2.89, 1.25-8.30), and odds for OC tended to increase with dose. Neither smoking nor alcohol use by fathers increased risks for OC. This study provides further evidence of a possible role of maternal exposure to tobacco smoke and alcohol in the etiology of nonsyndromic oral clefts.

Analysis of Potential Oral Cleft Risk Factors in the Kosovo Population

“…4 The prevalence of maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy was higher among cases, but the OR (1.13, 95% CI 0.81-1.57) was not statistically significant.…”

“…Leite and Koifman, in a case-control study, found that the history of oral clefts either in the father's (CL/P: OR ¼ 16, 95% CI 5.6-69.2; CP: OR ¼ 6.6, 95% CI 1.5-33.7) or in the mother's family (CL/P: OR ¼ 5, 95% CI 2.3-10.9, CP: OR ¼ 12.4, 95% CI 1.3-294.9) is strongly associated with both types of clefts, but parental consanguinity was associated only with cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/P: OR ¼ 3.8, 95% CI 1.3-12.2). 4 Zarante et al found that a positive family history of another craniofacial malformation (OR ¼ 3.1, CI 95% 2.2-4.3) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL 6 P) (OR ¼ 2.5, CI 95% 1.1-5.8) are important risk factors for orofacial clefting. 5 In Korea, a positive family history is found in 7% of cleft cases, with the most common type being a CL (10.8%) followed by CL 6 P (6.7%), and the rarest type being a CP (3.7%).…”

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth defects in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis

“…Figure 4 shows the dose-response relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth defects in children. Sixty studies 6,7,8,9,11,12,16,21,24,32,43,44,47,48,49,51,57,58,64,65,69,74,80,82,85,88,89,90,91,92,99,100,101,103,104,107,108,113,115,119,121,122,123,124,132,135,144,150,151,157,163,…”

Factores Ambientales Asociados Con Labio O Paladar Hendido No Sindrómico en Una Población Del Magdalena Medio Colombiano

“…18 Así mismo, varios estudios han reportado que al incrementar el consumo de alcohol y cigarrillo durante los tres primeros meses de gestación aumenta el riesgo de presentar hendiduras orales. [19][20][21] Algunas variables explicatorias (nivel de escolaridad, condición socioeconómica, zona y municipio de residencia antes y durante la gestación) se asociaron al desenlace en el análisis bivariado, sin embargo, en el modelamiento no se obtuvo significancia estadística. En el estudio realizado por Acuña y Carlo en una población mexicana se encontró asociación entre la posición socioeconómica con el LPH.…”