Opto nongenetics inhibition of neuronal firing

Ouares, Karima Ait; Beurrier, Corinne; Canepari, Marco; Laverne, Gwenaëlle; Kuczewski, Nicola

doi:10.1111/ejn.14251

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Heycke et al 77 ), prespecified sequences of studies (e.g. Ait Ouares et al 78 ) or incremental registrations after Stage 2 acceptance.…”

Section: Rrs Are Only For "Single Shot" Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The past, present, and future of Registered Reports

Chambers¹,

Tzavella²

2020

Preprint

103

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Registered Reports are a form of empirical journal article in which study proposals are peer reviewed and pre-accepted before research is undertaken. By deciding which articles are published based on the question, theory, and proposed methods, Registered Reports offer a powerful remedy for a range of reporting and publication biases. Here we reflect on the history, progress and future prospects of the Registered Reports initiative, and also offer practical guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors encountering the format for the first time. While the key ingredients of pre-study review and results-blind acceptance are far from novel – and are already adopted independently in a variety of contexts – Registered Reports are the first mechanism to combine them into a mainstream policy that has won appeal with multiple stakeholders in the research process. We review early evidence that Registered Reports are working as intended, while at the same acknowledging that they are not a universal solution for irreproducibility. We also consider how the policies and practices surrounding Registered Reports are changing, or must change in future, to address limitations and adapt to new challenges. In spite of these caveats, we conclude that Registered Reports are promoting reproducibility, transparency and self-correction across a wide range of disciplines, and may help reshape how society evaluates research and researchers.

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“…Heycke et al 77 ), prespecified sequences of studies (e.g. Ait Ouares et al 78 ) or incremental registrations after Stage 2 acceptance.…”

Section: Rrs Are Only For "Single Shot" Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The past, present, and future of Registered Reports

Chambers¹,

Tzavella²

2020

Preprint

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…How does MIR light activate neurons without opsins? This activation was unlikely due to general heating, because previous studies have shown that heating (up to 2℃) by VIS light at a comparable power level (e.g., 15 mW in their studies versus the 9 mW of MIR in our study) either does not change or even suppresses neuronal activities through activation of an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance 17,18 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 48%

Non-invasive, opsin-free mid-infrared modulation activates cortical neurons and accelerates associative learning

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Boosting learning capability represents a long-sought dream of mankind. Neurostimulant drugs or magnetic/electrical stimulation techniques can overcome attention deficits, but these drugs or techniques are weakly beneficial in boosting the learning capabilities of healthy subjects. Here, we report a stimulation technique, mid-infrared modulation (MIM), that delivers mid-infrared light energy through opened skull or even non-invasively through thinned intact skull and can activate brain neurons in vivo without introducing any exogeneous gene. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, in vivo single-cell electrophysiology and two-photon Ca2+ imaging in mice, we demonstrate that MIM significantly induces firing activities of neurons in the targeted cortical area. Moreover, mice that receive MIM targeting to the auditory cortex during an auditory associative learning task exhibit a strikingly faster learning speed (~ 50% faster) than control mice. Together, this non-invasive, opsin-free MIM technique is demonstrated with a great translational potential for activating brain neurons and boosting brain learning capability.

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“…A recent study reported that gene transcription and neuronal firing rates were impaired following exposure to blue light 9,13 . However, the underlying mechanism was thought to be due to the heat that was produced by light exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitive inhibition of the GABA system in vitro

Sun

Liu²,

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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in the central nervous system (cnS), γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) receptors mediate two types of inhibitory effects. Phasic inhibition involves the activation of synaptic GABA A receptors, and tonic inhibition is mediated by extrasynaptic GABA A receptors. GABA A receptors are important regulators of neuronal activity and are involved in a range of neurological disorders. In this study, we conducted sIPSCs recordings on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in WT SD rats and found that exposure to blue light could specifically block the tonic inhibition and sIPSCs, and regulate neuronal activity. These observations indicate the existence of a non-opsin photosensitive pathway that regulates the GABA inhibitory system in the CNS.In the human brain, the principal inhibitory system acts via GABA A and GABA B receptors. GABA A receptors mediate two types of inhibition. One is phasic inhibition, which involves activation of the synaptic αβγ GABA receptor subunit assembly, by transient high concentrations of GABA, whereas the second inhibition is tonic inhibition, which depends on the continuous activation of extrasynaptic high affinity GABA A receptors, that include α4, α5, α6, and δ subunits 1,2 . Synaptic GABA A are extensively expressed throughout the brain. Extrasynaptic GABA A receptors are widely expressed in cerebellar granule cells 3 , neocortex 4 , thalamus 5 , the striatum 6 , hypothalamus 7 , and hippocampus 8 .The balance of excitation and inhibition (E:I) is fundamental for normal brain function. Dysfunction in the GABA inhibitory system is associated with several neurological disorders, such as depression, stress, and epilepsy. Detailed investigation of the GABA inhibitory system in research primarily depends on the use of GABA receptor antagonists or optogenetic methods. A recent study reported that the activity of fast-spiking interneurons in the cerebral cortex could be suppressed by heat produced by sustained light exposure with a power of 3 mW~15 mW, which is commonly used in optogenetic procedures. However, this phenomenon was not observed in the hippocampal CA1 area 9 .In this study, we found that blue light could specifically and reversibly block tonic inhibition and sIPSCs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in 6-to 8-week-old female WT SD rats. This effect was unrelated to the heating effect, which indicated the existence of a non-opsin photosensitive pathway that regulates the GABA inhibitory system. open

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Opto nongenetics inhibition of neuronal firing

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

The past, present, and future of Registered Reports

The past, present, and future of Registered Reports

Non-invasive, opsin-free mid-infrared modulation activates cortical neurons and accelerates associative learning

Photosensitive inhibition of the GABA system in vitro

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