Optimized vertical phase separation via systematic Y6 inner side-chain modulation for non-halogen solvent processed inverted organic solar cells

Abbas, Zaheer; Ryu, Seung Un; Haris, Muhammad; Song, Chang Eun; Lee, Hang Ken; Lee, Sang Kyu; Shin, Won Suk; Park, Jin Young; Lee, Jong‐Cheol

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107574

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, the OSCs with the conventional device architecture generally employ acidic PEDOT:PSS leading to the decomposition of the indium–tin–oxide (ITO) transparent electrode and the low-work-function metal electrode such as LiF/Al or Ca/Al damage to device stability because that electrode is easily oxidized when exposed to air and water vapor. Therefore, the inverted OSC structure is employed in this study . The photoactive layer consisting of PM6 and each n-FNFA dissolved in chloroform with about 120 nm optimized thickness by testing three donor–acceptor blend ratios (D/A) of 1.0:0.8, 1.0:1.2, and 1.0:2.0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the inverted OSC structure is employed in this study. 45 The photoactive layer consisting of PM6 and each n-FNFA dissolved in chloroform with about 120 nm optimized thickness by testing three donor−acceptor blend ratios (D/ A) of 1.0:0.8, 1.0:1.2, and 1.0:2.0. The 1.0:1.2 blend ratio was found to be the optimum condition (see Tables S1−6 and Figures S4−9).…”

Section: Photovoltaic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photovoltaic Effect of Structure Compatibility Utilizing a Same Electron-Accepting Unit on a Polymer Donor and Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptor

Tran

Jeong

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The advance of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has accelerated the improvement of photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most NFAs are suggested as a multisynthesized planar molecular backbone structure containing fused conjugated rings. Therefore, nonfused NFAs (n-FNFAs) have recently been extensively studied and reported as an alternative strategy of fused-NFAs (FNFAs) by providing synthetic simplicity and fine-tuning optical properties and energy levels. In addition, the highly planar and fused NFAs have strong selfaggregation behaviors and reduced mixing properties between the polymer donor and FNFAs. To obtain excellent morphology and intermixing behavior, a same-accepting strategy on both of the polymer donor and n-FNFAs is adopted. In this study, three acceptors are designed and synthesized, BDD-IC4F, BTO4-IC4F, and TPD-IC4F, using a similar A−D−A′−D−A skeleton composed of two accepting center units linking cyclopentathiophene bridges that assure noncovalent conformational geometry. By inserting the A′ unit in the center, a full width at half-maximum of that material exhibits a broad absorption spectrum as above 200 nm in the near-infrared region and small band gaps. Among the three n-FNFAs, the optimized PM6:BDD-IC4F device achieved the best photovoltaic performance with smooth film morphology and well-miscible crystalline behavior between PM6 and BDD-IC4F. The effect of the same-accepting strategy improves formation of the intermixed blend domain and structure compatibility leading to efficient carrier transport and mobility. More importantly, these results demonstrate the possibility of nonfused acceptors for lowcost and high-efficient OSCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photovoltaic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Effect of Structure Compatibility Utilizing a Same Electron-Accepting Unit on a Polymer Donor and Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptor

Tran

Jeong

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…In addition, the phase-switching process improves stability as it is a dry condition process and suppresses excessive material consumption because it forms a thin film on the desired part using a mold. It is necessary to develop a process that can overcome the limitations of the previously reported spin-coating process, such as solvent penetration, edge bead issue, poor morphology reproducibility, and difficulty to industry-scale . As an alternative process, slot-die, inkjet-printing, roll-to-roll, and so forth have been reported on solution processes capable of securing uniform morphology and large area .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferred Acceptor-Domain Positioning via a Phase-Switched Bulk Heterojunction for Self-Powered Photodetector and Photovoltaic Applications

Lim

Kim

Jang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this study, a phase-switching process is introduced to a PM6:Y6-based active layer to implement a uniform surface with preferred Y6 acceptor-domain positioning and to minimize solution loss owing to the use of medium molds. By designing the process to fit the surface properties of a small-molecule Y6 acceptor-based bulk heterojunction, a sustainable and highly reproducible phase-switched active layer that can be formed at the desired location without wasting materials is successfully formed over an area of 2.25 cm2. It improved charge transport ability and suppressed surface defects owing to a molecular orientation favorable for efficient charge separation and transport. Furthermore, adding chloronaphthalene induced the domain growth of Y6 acceptors with dense molecular packing, which enhanced the effects of the phase-switching process. Uniformly distributed performance in the phase-switched active layer via the phase-switching process was demonstrated in fabricated large active-area devices. Furthermore, the process was utilized in a PM6:Y6-based self-powered photodetector, which improved detectivity owing to the suppression of the dark current density. Therefore, the phase-switching process is an important technology for forming high-quality thin films composed of small-molecule acceptors for efficient self-powered photodetector and photovoltaic applications.

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“…To tackle all these shortcomings, efforts have been made to enable the processing of the champion OPV photoactive materials from non-halogenated solvent systems, the printing of active OPV layers via R2R compatible techniques, as well as fabrication and characterization of OPV cells in ambient air. − For example, Y6 a well-known high-performance NFA, has predominantly been processed from toxic CF and solvent additives to yield PCEs ∼ 16%. , Y6 has limited solubility in non-halogenated solvents . This issue has been resolved by replacing the pyrrolic 2-ethylhexyl chains (on the Y6′ core) with longer side chains to solubilize the resulting Y-series NFA derivatives in relatively greener solvents such as o -xylene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene. , These green-solvent processable NFAs have exhibited remarkable PCEs of ∼15–17.6%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 This issue has been resolved by replacing the pyrrolic 2-ethylhexyl chains (on the Y6′ core) with longer side chains to solubilize the resulting Yseries NFA derivatives in relatively greener solvents such as oxylene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene. 24,25 These green-solvent processable NFAs have exhibited remarkable PCEs of ∼15−17.6%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Non-Halogenated Co-solvent System for Large-Area, Four-Layer Slot-Die-Coated Organic Photovoltaics

Niazi

Munir

D’Souza

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Sustainable processing solvents, photoactive materials, and scalable manufacturing will play a key role in commercializing printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The record-breaking pioneering OPV reports have done an outstanding job in accelerating the discovery of champion photoactive materials and device engineering practices; however, these works predominantly involve health-hazardous halogenated processing solvents/additives and non-scalable thin-film coating methods. Herein, large-area slot-die-manufactured OPV cells from eco-friendly halogen-free solvents and synthetically scalable materials are showcased. All the four layers; electron transport layer (SnO2), cathode interlayer (PDIN-H), bulk-heterojunction (BHJ, PTQ-10:BTP-4F-12), and hole transport layer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS] are slot-die-coated in air. A non-halogenated co-solvent mixture of toluene and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran is presented as an optimal processing solvent to realize the high-quality thin films of PTQ10:BTP-4F-12. The unencapsulated champion solar cells characterized in ambient conditions (RH = 30%, T = 22 °C) exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 12.1 and 17.8% under 1 Sun (100 mW/cm2) and indoor light-emitting diode lighting (580 μW/cm2) conditions, respectively. Additionally, PEDOT:PSS is successfully slot-die-coated atop BHJ by mitigating wettability challenges with the aid of surface treatment. The all four-layer slot-die-coated OPVs exhibit a PCE of 9.55%.

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Optimized vertical phase separation via systematic Y6 inner side-chain modulation for non-halogen solvent processed inverted organic solar cells

Cited by 57 publications

References 54 publications

Photovoltaic Effect of Structure Compatibility Utilizing a Same Electron-Accepting Unit on a Polymer Donor and Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptor

Photovoltaic Effect of Structure Compatibility Utilizing a Same Electron-Accepting Unit on a Polymer Donor and Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptor

Preferred Acceptor-Domain Positioning via a Phase-Switched Bulk Heterojunction for Self-Powered Photodetector and Photovoltaic Applications

Scalable Non-Halogenated Co-solvent System for Large-Area, Four-Layer Slot-Die-Coated Organic Photovoltaics

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