Optimization of palm kernel shell torrefaction to produce energy densified bio-coal

Asadullah, Mohammad; Adi, Ag Mohammad; Suhada, Nurul; Malek, Nur Hanina; Saringat, Muhammad Ilmam B.; Azdarpour, Amin

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.071

Cited by 115 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Palm oil fruit bunches are harvested from the trees that are between 10 and 20 years old [27]. Fruit bunches are being pretreated by sterilization under 145°C and 2,7 bar for 90 min, digested at 90 up to 100°C for 30 min and subsequently pressed [28]. Beside the woody residues from the palm trees pressing of the oil produces many residues such as palm kernel shells (PKS), empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm mesocarp fiber (PMF) [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research team concluded that complete depolymerization of fibers in PKS could be achieved between 400 and 500°C [30]. Asadullah et al, went one step further by performing torrefaction of PKS in custom build lab scale setup [28]. Batch type reactor was used, although research team was able to avoid the problem of heating up of the biomass in temperatures lower than the target temperature, by feeding biomass to the hot reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaseous compounds were captured into bags and analysed in a gas chromatograph. Research team also conducted experiments with heating up of the PKS pellet with a diameter of 20 mm in the reactor with temperature of 300°C [28]. The team concluded that the surface of the pellet sitting inside of the reactor reached 300°C after more than 600 s the center of the pellet reached aforementioned temperature after more than 1050 s [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of the specific grinding energy was also within the scope of the aforementioned study. Retsch SM 2000 with 1.5 mm screen was used to measure the specific grinding energy [28]. Ohm et al, also conducted experiments with torrefaction of PKS among other materials such as waste wood, logging residues and bagasse [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Pawlak–Kruczek¹,

Krochmalny²,

Mościcki³

et al. 2017

Eng. Prot. Environ.

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Toryfikacja różnych typów biomasy w reaktorze obrotowym w skali laboratoryjnej oraz wielostopniowym reaktorze taśmowym w skali pilotażowej Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process that improves properties of biomass relevant to its use as a fuel. It increases a heating value of the biomass, bringing it closer to the one of coal. That prevents the loss of power due to a decrease in calorific value of the fuel when biomass is supposed to replace coal partially. Along with less hygroscopic nature, in comparison to raw biomass, it allows improving logistics of the fuel. It also enhances grindability of the fuel, which is important for boilers and gasifiers that use pulverized fuel. In this study, four types of biomass were torrefied under different temperature regimes. Tests were performed in two different torrefaction reactors: laboratory scale Isothermal Rotary Reactor and pilot scale Multi-stage Tape Reactor (output up 10 kg/h and 100÷ ÷500 kg/h respectively). The process was characterized using dry mass loss during torrefaction, known as the mass yield. Energy yield was also calculated. Raw materials have been compared to the corresponding torrefied products. The comparison was based on standard set of properties, that is mandatory to be tested for any solid fuel, e.g., results of the proximate and ultimate analysis, the calorific value of the fuel. Obtained results have shown a significant improvement, regarding grindability after torrefaction. Also, hydrophobic nature of raw and torrefied biomass was a subject of tests. The propensity towards the moisture absorption was determined, by long-term storage under constant relative humidity conditions. Decreased rate of moisture absorption was observed for torrefied biomasses when compared with corresponding raw materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Pawlak–Kruczek¹,

Krochmalny²,

Mościcki³

et al. 2017

Eng. Prot. Environ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The identification and/or quantification of the main chemicals of interest have been described in a wide array of studies, using the gas chromatography (GC) techniques coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) [10][11][12][13][14], pyrolysis-GC/MS [15][16] and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), evaluating separation principles based on inverse phase and ionic exclusion [17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Acidic Br0nsted Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoxaline

Tejeswararao

2016

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV/RID) is applied to the simultaneous determination of acetic acid, formic acid, acetol, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde and levoglucosan in a by-product in an aqueous liquid phase that is produced by the Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) process and in an aqueous bio-oil phase, which comes from a fast pyrolysis process. Both processes were run in forest biomass.For the development and optimization of the proposed method, some chromatographic columns were evaluated based on separation principles of reversed phase and ionic exclusion, although it was previously performed with a solid phase extraction (SPE) process.Concentrations of acetic and formic acids in the liquids of the HTC process ranged from 0.26 to 1.5 % and from 0.14 to 2.7 %, respectively. Concentrations of acetic and formic acids, levoglucosan and glycolaldehyde in the aqueous bio-oil phases ranged from 0.4 -4.6 %, 0.4 -1.4 %, 0.13 -2.5 % and 0.5 -3.5%, respectively.

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Quality enhancement of fuel briquette from cornhusk and cassava peel blends for co‐firing in coal thermal plant

Waheed

Akogun

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary This study was carried out to evaluate the physico‐mechanical and combustion indices of briquettes made from blends of cornhusk (CH) and cassava peel (CP). The CH and CP was torrefied at 200°C to 300°C and were mixed in the ratio 90/10 to 10/90 for briquette production using D‐optimal crossed design. The fuel application for co‐firing in coal engines was evaluated with fuel ratio, combustibility index and volatile ignitability. The findings revealed that the density, durability index and compressive strength of briquettes blend at 10/90 (CH/CP) torrefied at 300°C and water preconditioned, were respectively improved by 18.19, 2.98, and 32.25% compared with those for raw briquettes at 10/90 blend ratio. Furthermore, the fixed carbon and calorific value increased with the increase in the torrefaction temperature and time. The produced briquettes at the mixing ratios of 10/90 and 30/70 (CH/CP) torrefied at 300°C for at least 1 hour is sufficient for co‐firing in coal engines. The CH and CP wastes with low calorific value which are hitherto discarded could be used to produce briquettes with appropriate qualities attributes of alternative fuel source for heating applications.

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Optimization of palm kernel shell torrefaction to produce energy densified bio-coal

Cited by 115 publications

References 22 publications

Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Torrefaction of Various Types of Biomass in Laboratory Scale, Batch-Wise Isothermal Rotary Reactor and Pilot Scale, Continuous Multi-Stage Tape Reactor

Recyclable Acidic Br0nsted Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoxaline

Quality enhancement of fuel briquette from cornhusk and cassava peel blends for co‐firing in coal thermal plant

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