Optimisation of the tuberculin skin test for detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Smith, Katrin; Bernitz, Netanya; Cooper, David; Kerr, Tanya J.; Waal, Candice R. de; Clarke, Charlene; Goldswain, Samantha; McCall, Warren; McCall, Alicia J.; Cooke, Debbie; Rambert, Emma; Kleynhans, Léanie; Warren, Robin M.; Helden, Paul van; Parsons, Sven D.C.; Goosen, Wynand J.; Miller, Michele A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105254

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Capture, immobilisation, sample collection, and bTB testing were performed as previously described 13 , 19 . Buffaloes were considered bTB test-positive if they had a positive result on any of the following tests: SCITT 20 , in vitro bovine Cattletype IGRA 21 , or the bovine IPRA 22 . Cytokine release assays used plasma harvested from whole blood stimulated with M. bovis specific antigens, ESAT-6 and CFP-10, in the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus tubes(QFT) 21 , 22 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in oronasal swabs from infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Clarke

Cooper²,

Miller

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), is the causative agent of bovine TB (bTB) in animals. Spread occurs through inhalation or ingestion of bacilli transmitted from infected individuals. Early and accurate detection of infected African buffaloes shedding M. bovis is essential for interrupting transmission. In this pilot study, we determined if MTBC DNA could be detected in M. bovis infected buffalo oronasal secretions using a molecular transport media (PrimeStore MTM) with oronasal swabs and a rapid qPCR assay (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra). Bovine TB test-positive buffaloes were culled, then tissue samples and oronasal swabs collected post-mortem for mycobacterial culture and Ultra testing, respectively. The Ultra detected MTBC DNA in 5/12 swabs from M. bovis culture-confirmed buffaloes. Oronasal swabs from M. bovis negative buffaloes (n = 20) were negative on Ultra, indicating the high specificity of this test. This study showed that MTM can successfully preserve MTBC DNA in oronasal swabs. The proportion of MTBC positive oronasal swabs was higher than expected and suggests that the Ultra may be an additional method for identifying infected buffaloes. Further studies are needed to confirm the utility of the Ultra assay with oronasal swabs as an assay to evaluate possible MTBC shedding in buffaloes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in oronasal swabs from infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Clarke

Cooper²,

Miller

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…A good example for comparison, and which may represent future research directions to diagnose TB in European bison, is that of African buffalo in South Africa. Studies of the diagnostic possibilities in this group [37] suggest that parallel testing is the most effective approach [38]. Moreover, tests with specific peptides, such as ESAT-6 and CFP-10, may provide greater specificity and a possible correlation with pathological findings, as confirmed in QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold (QFT) tubes in African buffalo [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-Palpebral Tuberculin Skin Test and Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Diagnosing Tuberculosis Due to Mycobacterium caprae in European Bison (Bison bonasus)

et al. 2022

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Despite the threat posed by tuberculosis (TB) to the protected European bison (Bison bonasus), no validated TB tests exist for this species. This pilot study evaluates two tests based on detecting cellular immunity for this purpose: interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST). Ten animals were subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem examinations. IGRA was performed using a commercial test, and the comparative TST was performed in the eyelids. The lesions were assessed post-mortem and material was collected for mycobacterial culture. The isolated strains were subjected to genotyping. At post-mortem examination, five out of ten individuals demonstrated both tuberculous lesions and positive culture results (Mycobacterium caprae). Compared to the palpebral TST, the findings of the IGRA are easier to interpret when diagnosing tuberculosis in European bison.

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“…The study by Roos et al (74) in a bTB endemic cohort of common warthogs demonstrated that M. bovis-infected animals develop a measurable delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to M. bovis PPD and the sensitivity and specificity of the SCITT, using common warthog-specific cut-off values, were 81 and 100%, respectively (74). Currently, the SCITT is performed in African buffaloes using the interpretation criteria for cattle, leading to suboptimal sensitivity (78). In some species, such as elephants and rhinoceroses, the SCITT is unreliable and not recommended for use, although the response to intradermal injection of specific antigens instead of PPDs should be investigated as a potential option (88).…”

Section: Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in South African Wildlife

et al. 2021

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Wildlife tuberculosis is a major economic and conservation concern globally. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is the most common form of wildlife tuberculosis. In South Africa, to date, M. bovis infection has been detected in 24 mammalian wildlife species. The identification of M. bovis infection in wildlife species is essential to limit the spread and to control the disease in these populations, sympatric wildlife species and neighboring livestock. The detection of M. bovis-infected individuals is challenging as only severely diseased animals show clinical disease manifestations and diagnostic tools to identify infection are limited. The emergence of novel reagents and technologies to identify M. bovis infection in wildlife species are instrumental in improving the diagnosis and control of bTB. This review provides an update on the diagnostic tools to detect M. bovis infection in South African wildlife but may be a useful guide for other wildlife species.

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Optimisation of the tuberculin skin test for detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in oronasal swabs from infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in oronasal swabs from infected African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)

Intra-Palpebral Tuberculin Skin Test and Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Diagnosing Tuberculosis Due to Mycobacterium caprae in European Bison (Bison bonasus)

Review of Diagnostic Tests for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in South African Wildlife

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