“…The average area approach used in the objective function of the model of Aaltola (2003) to account for the sizes of the multi-period network's heat exchangers was later improved by Verheyen and Zhang (2006) through the use of a maximum area approach. Other works under the simultaneous approach include the papers by Isafiade and Fraser (2010), Jiang and Chang (2013), Ahmad et al (2012), Jiang and Chang (2015), Short et al (2016), Kang et al (2016), Isafiade et al (2015), Isafiade and Short (2016), amongst others. Isafiade and Fraser (2010) used a multi-period version of the interval-based mixed integer non-linear (MINLP) superstructure approach, Jiang and Chang (2013) used the time sharing approach which was first presented by Jiang and Chang (2015).…”