Optimal EMG signal bandwidth and interelectrode distance for the recording of acoustic, electrocutaneous, and photic blink reflexes

van Boxtel, A.; Boelhouwer, A.J.W.; Bos, A.R.

doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3560690

Cited by 106 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…EMG was sampled at 1,000 Hz for 350 ms, starting 50 ms prior to probe onset and ending 300 ms after probe onset. The signal was digitally refiltered offline with a 28–500-Hz passband (Van Boxtel, Boelhouwer, & Bos, 1998) and digitally rectified and integrated using a 30-ms time constant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Emotion in Schizophrenia

Moran¹,

Kring

2017

Clinical Psychological Science

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While people with schizophrenia report experiencing as much emotion in the presence of emotionally evocative stimuli as do people without schizophrenia, evidence suggests that they have deficits in the anticipation of positive emotion. However, little is known about the anticipation of negative emotion in schizophrenia, thus leaving open whether anticipation deficits are more general. We sought to assess anticipation of positive and negative stimuli across multiple methods of measurement. We measured reported experience and emotion modulated startle response in people with ( = 27) and without ( = 27) schizophrenia as they anticipated and subsequently viewed evocative pictures. People with schizophrenia showed an overall dampened response during the anticipation of positive and negative stimuli, suggesting a more general deficit in anticipatory emotional responses. Moreover, anticipatory responses were related to symptoms and functioning in people with schizophrenia. Together, these findings point to important new directions for understanding emotion deficits in schizophrenia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Emotion in Schizophrenia

Moran¹,

Kring

2017

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…The physiological data were amplified (22bit Quick-Amp, Brain Products, Germany) and recorded with BrainVision Recorder Software (Brain Products, Germany), sampled at 2000 Hz, and filtered on-line using a 50 Hz notch filter. Off-line, the raw EMG was high- (28 Hz, 24 dB/octave) and low-pass filtered (500 Hz, 24 dB/octave) (Van Boxtel et al, 1998). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context counts! social anxiety modulates the processing of fearful faces in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals

Adolph¹,

Meister²,

Pause³

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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During emotion perception, context is an important source of information. Whether contextual cues from modalities other than vision or audition influence the perception of social emotional information has not been investigated. Thus, the present study aimed at testing emotion perception and regulation in response to fearful facial expressions presented in the context of chemosensory stimuli derived from sweat of anxious individuals. In groups of high (HSA) and low socially anxious (LSA) participants we recorded the startle reflex (Experiment I), and analysed event-related potentials (ERPs; Experiment II) while they viewed anxious facial expressions in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals and chemosensory control stimuli. Results revealed that N1/P1 and N170 amplitudes were larger while late positive potential (LPP) activity was smaller for facial expressions presented in the context of the anxiety and the chemosensory control stimulus as compared to facial expressions without a chemosensory context. Furthermore, HSA participants were highly sensitive to the contextual anxiety signals. They showed enhanced motivated attention allocation (LPP, Study II), as well as larger startle responses toward faces in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals than did LSA participants (Study I). Chemosensory context had no effect on emotion regulation, and both LSA and HSA participants showed effective emotion regulation (Study I and II). In conclusion, both anxiety and chemosensory sport context stimuli enhanced early attention allocation and structural encoding, but diminished motivated attention allocation to the facial expressions. The current results show that visual and chemosensory information is integrated on virtually all levels of stimulus processing and that socially anxious individuals might be especially sensitive to chemosensory contextual social information.

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“…Data collection and reduction. To record startle eyeblinks, 4 mm Ag/AgCl electrodes (In Vivo Metric, Healdsburg, CA) were placed over the left inferior orbicularis oculi below the inner and outer canthi, as suggested by van Boxtel, Boelhouwer, and Bos (1998). Impedance levels were 10 kW or below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an understanding of the emotion‐modulated startle eyeblink reflex: The case of anger

Peterson

Harmon‐Jones

2012

Psychophysiology

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The emotion hypothesis of startle eyeblink modification posits that potentiated eyeblinks are observed in response to fear/disgust (aversive) pictures and eyeblink inhibition occurs in response to pleasant (appetitive) pictures due to the degree to which the stimuli match with the aversive startle probe. Stimuli high in arousal elicit exaggerated responses. Four studies sought to investigate the effect of angering pictures on the startle eyeblink response. Three potential hypotheses were posed: 1) given anger's high levels of arousal and negativity, eyeblinks will be potentiated like those to fear/disgust pictures; 2) given anger's arousing and appetitive qualities, eyeblinks will be inhibited like those to pleasant pictures; 3) anger's arousal, negativity, and approach qualities will balance each other out causing eyeblinks resembling those in response to neutral pictures.Study 1 supported the third hypothesis in that eyeblinks to angering and neutral pictures did not differ, despite angering pictures being rated higher on arousal and anger iv and lower in valence. These results replicated in Study 2 with a different set of angering pictures. Also, Study 2 demonstrated that dysphoric participants exhibited potentiated eyeblinks during angering pictures much like eyeblinks during fear/disgust stimuli, whereas non-dysphoric participants did not. Ratings of pictures on arousal, valence, and anger did not differ between groups. Constructive patriotism related to inhibited eyeblinks during angering pictures. Study 3 found that dysphoric participants rated angering pictures higher in fear than did non-dysophoric participants, suggesting that the potentiated eyeblinks observed in Study 2 were a result of greater perceived fear. Study 4 again showed that eyeblinks during angering and neutral pictures did not differ, and that constructive patriotism related to inhibited eyeblinks. Taken together, results are consistent with the third hypothesis and suggest that angering stimuli elicit eyeblinks much like those to neutral stimuli due to the competing influences of arousal, valence, and motivation on the startle eyeblink reflex.

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Optimal EMG signal bandwidth and interelectrode distance for the recording of acoustic, electrocutaneous, and photic blink reflexes

Cited by 106 publications

References 31 publications

Anticipatory Emotion in Schizophrenia

Anticipatory Emotion in Schizophrenia

Context counts! social anxiety modulates the processing of fearful faces in the context of chemosensory anxiety signals

Toward an understanding of the emotion‐modulated startle eyeblink reflex: The case of anger

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