Optimal distance between current collecting electrodes of the solar cells

Georgiev, S.

doi:10.1016/j.sse.2007.01.021

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…The reason these variables were kept constant was because the belief was that the voltage and current were the most important factors in achieving stability. Also, the trend for these constants was fairly well known, the closer the electrodes the less distance the particles need to travel and thus increasing the charge flow rate (Georgiev 2007). The larger the surface area of the electrode, the more area particles can interact with the electrode (Das et al 2014).…”

Section: Preliminary Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Electrolytic Method for Tartrate Stabilization in Chardonnay Wine

Chen¹

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An Electrolytic Method for Tartrate Stabilization in Chardonnay Wine Michael ChenTartrate stabilization is the process that removes components that contribute to the crystallization of potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT) and calcium tartrate (CaT) which is an undesirable outcome for wine quality. There are a variety of current tartrate stabilization techniques such as cold stabilization, chemical additives, ion exchange resins, and electrodialysis that stabilize wine, but the most popular being cold stabilization. Cold stabilization requires high amounts of energy and resources to stabilize wine. With the ever increasing demand for more efficient processing, an alternative tartrate stabilization technology based on an electrolytic method was developed and its viability to stabilize wine was determined. Twelve treatments involving different combinations of time and current were replicated three times each on different batches of Chardonnay wine. Several different variables were analyzed for stability and quality purposes. Tartaric acid, potassium, calcium, and conductivity differences were the most important factors for tartrate stability. Temperature, titratable acidity, pH, color (hue and intensity), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were indicators of sensory quality characteristics of the wine. The concentrations of potassium, calcium, and tartaric acid were reduced by the electrolytic method at satisfactory process parameters, inherently making the wine more stable. The temperature and hue were significantly affected by the electrolytic method and accelerated the oxidative browning process. Electrolytic treatment of Chardonnay is a viable alternative stabilization technology. The technology can be further developed to become a great option in terms of water and energy consumption, process time, and price.

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Section: Preliminary Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Electrolytic Method for Tartrate Stabilization in Chardonnay Wine

Chen¹

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Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 55)

Shalav

2007

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Effects of Solvent Type on Low-Temperature Sintering of Silver Oxide Paste to Form Electrically Conductive Silver Film

Kim

Chun

2011

Journal of Elec Materi

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Silver oxide pastes were formulated from silver oxide powder, silver a-neodecanoate, and solvents, which lowers the sintering temperature of printed silver films to 150°C. In this paper, solvent effects were investigated through the formulation of silver oxide pastes using various solvents with high boiling points such as glycol, ether, and terpineol. Solvent structures such as terminal methyl and alkoxyl groups affected the solubility of silver a-neodecanoate and the swelling of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blanket. Particularly, higher solubility induced uniform mixing of the silver oxide powder and silver a-neodecanoate, which resulted in higher conductivity after sintering. Glycols and monoalkyl ethers reacted with the silver oxide or silver salt, which deteriorated the pot life of the paste. Among the various candidates, a-terpineol satisfied all the requirements such as printability and stability, exhibiting a solubility of 47.8 g in 100 g of solvent, PDMS swelling of 4.6%, and conductivity of 1.8 9 10 5 S/cm after sintering at 150°C for 30 min.

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Optimal distance between current collecting electrodes of the solar cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

An Electrolytic Method for Tartrate Stabilization in Chardonnay Wine

An Electrolytic Method for Tartrate Stabilization in Chardonnay Wine

Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 55)

Effects of Solvent Type on Low-Temperature Sintering of Silver Oxide Paste to Form Electrically Conductive Silver Film

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