Optimal dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) juveniles

Jiang, Shuntian; Wu, Xiaoyi; Luo, Yuan; Wu, Min; Lu, Senda; Jin, Zibo; Yao, Wenjing

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.08.030

Cited by 83 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The optimal proportion of dietary protein for P. leopardus was 500 g/kg. This result is close to other grouper species, such as 508.3 g/kg in E. akaara (Wang et al, ), 535 g/kg in hybrid grouper ( E. fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂; Jiang et al, ), 500 g/kg in E. fuscoguttatus (Shapawi, Ebi, Yong, & Ng, ), 480 g/kg in Epinephelus coioides (Luo et al, ). However, Gao et al, () revealed that the optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum growth of juvenile giant grouper was 56% of dry matter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…found that the juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) fed diet with 504.5 g/kg CP exhibited the highest weight gain value, when the experimental dietary crude protein level ranged from 322.0 g/kg to 618.5 g/kg. Similar results also have been reported with hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂;Jiang et al, 2016).…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Similar results have been reported before. Jiang et al, () showed that both quadratic and linear responses were observed on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio as the level of dietary protein content increased for hybrid grouper. The optimal proportion of dietary protein for P. leopardus was 500 g/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of leopard coral grouper,Plectropomus leopardus(Lacépède, 1802)

Shuping

Sun

et al. 2019

Aquacult Nutr

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An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to assess the interaction between dietary protein levels and fish growth, digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of Plectropomus leopardus. Five diets with different protein levels (400 g/kg, 450 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg protein) were designed. P. leopardus fed with 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg dietary protein, showed higher weight gain rates than fish fed 400 g/kg and 450 g/kg dietary protein. Ingestion rate in fish fed with 500 g/kg dietary protein was significantly higher than those with other diets. P. leopardus fed with 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg dietary protein, showed that feed coefficients were significantly lower than those fed with 400 g/kg and 450 g/kg dietary protein. Net protein utilization was significantly lower in fish fed with 400 g/kg diet than those with other diets. Fish fed with 400 g/kg and 450 g/kg dietary protein had an apparent feed digestibility coefficient for dry matter that was significantly lower than that with other diets. Protease activity was highest in fish fed on 500 g/kg dietary protein. Fish fed with 500 g/kg dietary protein, had the highest superoxide dismutase activity. Fish fed with 600 g/kg dietary protein, had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, a diet containing 500 g/kg protein is recommended for P. leopardus aquaculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

supporting

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of leopard coral grouper,Plectropomus leopardus(Lacépède, 1802)

Shuping

Sun

et al. 2019

Aquacult Nutr

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“…A dietary protein level of 53.5% was used for this study based on the findings of Jiang et al. (). Dietary gross energy was calculated using physiological fuel values of 4.0, 4.0, and 9.0 kcal/g (16.7, 16.7, and 37.7 kJ/g) for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid, respectively (Garling and Wilson ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate/Lipid Ratios on Growth, Feed Utilization, Hematology Parameters, and Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (Brown‐Marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Giant Grouper E. lanceolatus ♂)

Gao

Luo

et al. 2018

N American J Aquac

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An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate (CHO)/lipid (L) ratios on growth, feed utilization, hematology parameters, and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of juvenile hybrid grouper (Brown‐marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Giant Grouper E. lanceolatus ♂). Seven isoproteic (53.5% dietary crude protein) and isoenergetic (3.6 kcal/g dry matter) experimental diets were formulated containing various CHO/L ratios: 0.03 (0.5% CHO/16% L); 0.36 (5% CHO/14% L); 0.79 (9.5% CHO/12% L); 1.4 (14% CHO/10% L); 2.31 (18.5% CHO/8% L); 3.83 (23% CHO/6% L); and 6.88 (27.5% CHO/4% L). Fifteen juvenile hybrid grouper (average initial body weight ± SE = 10.16 ± 0.16 g) were stocked in small floating cages. Triplicate groups of fish were fed each dietary treatment to apparent satiation twice daily (0800 and 1600 hours). Results showed that weight gain (WG; %), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly affected by different experimental diet treatments. Fish that were fed diets with CHO/L ratios of 3.83 and 6.88 had lower WG and PER but higher DFI and FCR than fish that received diets with other CHO/L ratios. Intraperitoneal fat ratio and whole‐body lipid content significantly decreased with increasing dietary CHO/L ratios. Hepatic glycogen content increased with increases in dietary digestible CHO level. Fish that received lower CHO/L ratios had lower plasma glucose concentrations than fish that were fed diets with higher CHO/L ratios. As dietary CHO/L ratio increased, intestinal lipase activity decreased, but intestinal α‐amylase activity increased. In conclusion, dietary energy from lipid could be partially replaced by that from digestible CHO without significant negative effects on growth performance of hybrid grouper. Furthermore, partial replacement of dietary lipid by CHO was beneficial for reducing fish adiposity through avoiding excessive lipid deposition in the abdominal cavity as well as in other tissues. We recommend 2.31 as a suitable dietary CHO/L ratio for hybrid grouper, since higher ratios (3.83 and 6.68) depressed fish growth performance.

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“…This will result in more ammonia nitrogen excretion and increase the price of aquafeed (Burfford, Smith, Tabrett & Coman, ; Cho, Hynes, Wood & Yoshida, ; McGoogan & Gatlin, ; Tibbetts, Lall & Anderson, ; Webb & Gatlin, ; Wu & Gatlin, ). On the other hand, low quantities of dietary protein compared to energy could result in decreased feed consumption and improper utilization of organic compounds that will cause growth depression (Jiang et al., ; Lovell, ; Okorie et al., ). According to the aforementioned statements, optimizing the amount of energy in the diet by accurately balancing protein and non‐protein components could have several benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum dietary protein-to-energy ratio for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , reared in a biofloc system

Hamidoghli

Yun

Shahkar³

et al. 2018

Aquac Res

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An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratio in juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six diets were formulated with two protein levels (30% and 35%) and three digestible energy levels (16, 17.5 and 19 kJ/g diet) at each protein level (30P16, 30P17.5, 30P19, 35P16, 35P17.5 and 35P19). Fifty shrimp averaging 0.97 ± 0.03g (Mean ± SD) were randomly distributed in biofloc tanks and fed one of the experimental diets. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of shrimp fed the 35P17.5 diet were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed 30P16, 30P17.5 and 30P19 diets (p < .05). Results for non‐specific immune responses showed that diet 35P17.5 caused higher lysozyme activity in shrimp comparing to lower protein diets. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of plasma were lower for shrimp fed on diets consisting of higher protein and energy levels than shrimp fed on the 30P19 diet. Analyses of digestive enzyme activities showed higher trypsin activities for shrimp fed on 35P17.5 and 35P19 diets comparing to 30P16 and 30P17.5 diets. Also, hepatopancreatic lipase activity of shrimp fed 35P16, 35P17.5 and 35P19 diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the other diets. In conclusion, based on the results for growth performance, biochemical parameters, immune responses, oxidative stress and enzyme activities, 35% protein and 17.5 kJ/g digestible energy (35P17.5) could be considered as the optimum protein‐to‐energy ratio in the diet of juvenile whiteleg shrimp reared in a biofloc system.

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Optimal dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for hybrid grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) juveniles

Cited by 83 publications

References 77 publications

Influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of leopard coral grouper,Plectropomus leopardus(Lacépède, 1802)

Influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, digestibility and activity of immunity‐related enzymes of leopard coral grouper,Plectropomus leopardus(Lacépède, 1802)

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate/Lipid Ratios on Growth, Feed Utilization, Hematology Parameters, and Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (Brown‐Marbled Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Giant Grouper E. lanceolatus ♂)

Optimum dietary protein-to-energy ratio for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , reared in a biofloc system

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