Optimal allocation of a VRB energy storage system for wind power applications considering the dynamic efficiency and life of VRB in active distribution networks

Abstract

This paper aims at specifying the optimal allocation of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) energy storage system (ESS) for maintaining power balance of active distribution networks for wind power applications. Correspondingly, an optimal allocation approach for the VRB ESS was proposed. Different with the previous researches, the dynamic efficiency and life of VRB are considered in the proposed mathematical framework. Also, this proposed mathematical framework made a comprehensive assessment of the total benefits including the consumption of wind power, the reduced load interruption, greenhouse gas emission, network loss, and the capital cost of VRB ESS. These economic indicators are used to evaluate the penetration of VRB ESS and the economy of ADNs can achieve to the optimal with the designed VRB ESS. Finally, the proposed optimal allocation approach was validated and tested by a modified IEEE 33-bus system and IEEE 123 node system. Test results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed optimal allocation approach associated with the power flow operation characteristics of active distribution networks.

Optimal configuration of the energy storage system in ADN considering energy storage operation strategy and dynamic characteristic

“…The maximum power fluctuation in each sampling period is calculated according to (5)- (7), and the average equivalent load power P grid (n) to each period is calculated by (8). The average equivalent load power P grid in each period is transformed by Fourier transform, and its amplitude-frequency characteristics are obtained, as shown in (11). To suppress the power fluctuation of ADN, it only needs to keep the low-frequency component P grid,0 of P grid (n) within a certain range P grid, 0 (k) = ∑ n = 0 N P grid, 0 (n)e − j(2π/N)kn , k = 0, 1, …, N − 1 (11) where P grid,0 (n) is the average equivalent load power for each time period and N is the number of time segments divided.…”

“…The dynamic efficiency and dynamic absorption characteristics of the BESS will inevitably have a great impact on the operation of the energy storage system, and without these constraints in the model will weaken the validity of the model. Lei et al [11] aim at specifying the optimal allocation of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) energy storage system for maintaining power balance of ADNs for wind power applications. The dynamic efficiency and life of VRB are considered in the proposed mathematical framework.…”

Operation risk assessment of active distribution networks considering probabilistic uncertainties of distributed generators‐loads and power management of VRB ESSs

“…where SOC is the state of charge for VRB which can be calculated by the charging or discharging power and capacity of VRB. The value of P c can be calculated by SOC and the calculation can be referred to [25] which is omitted as space limitation. According to the operational strategy of distributed VRB ESSs and the output restriction of (9), the value of P VRB,k can be calculated P VRB, k (t) = η VRB P c, k (p .…”

Quantification of Efficiency Improvements from Integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy Sources into Domestic Distribution Networks

“…Authors of [19] have studied the interactions between ESS location, penetration and the investment decisions in transmission system, their results show that ESS is a substitute and complement of transmission assets. State of energy has been used in [20][21][22] to optimise the size of the ESS in an active distribution network to keep the power balance using continuous function compared to discrete function, the articles did not consider the impacts of BESS location. Energy transaction cost is optimised in [23] through a short term load forecasting and renewable source forecasting.…”