Optical transitions and frequency upconversion of Er^3+ ions in Na_2O୼Ca_3Al_2Ge_3O_12 glasses

Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Yb3+, Er3+ co-doped sodium–lead–germanate glasses

“…Therefore, at high Yb 3+ concentration the red emission cannot be attributed to two photons absorption. Several processes were proposed to account for the population of the 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 and 4 F 9/2 emitting levels [21][22][23]. For the green emission, both double energy transfer and the excited state absorption (ESA) of pump photons from the Er 3+ 4 I 11/2 metastable level contribute to the population inversion of the 4 F 7/2 level.…”

“…Of these HMO materials, lead germanate glasses are of growing interest because they combine higher mechanical strength, higher chemical durability, and better thermal stability even though the maximum phonon energy (810 cm −1 ) is slightly larger than that of tellurite glasses (750-780 cm −1 ) [5][6][7][8]. In addition, the theoretical values of optical losses, calculated from Rayleigh scattering and multiphonon absorption, are 0.02-0.05 dB/km at 2.89 m for GeO 2 [9].…”

Intense visible fluorescence and energy transfer in Dy3+, Tb3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+ doped rare-earth borate glasses

“…Trivalent rare-earth ions Er and Tm doped phosphate, silicate, gemanite and tellurite glasses have been developed for infrared active optical devices [4][5][6][7][8]. Recently, research focus on rare-earth doped glasses is not limited to infrared optical devices, and there is a growing interest in visible optical devices [9][10].…”

Optical transitions and upconversion mechanisms in Er3+-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride germanate glass

“…Rare-earth doped oxide glasses possessing high chemical durability and thermal stability are excellent materials for optoelectronics applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Of the oxide glasses, germanate glass is one of the most promising hosts for infrared and upconversion lasers and optical amplifiers because of its lower phonon energy and high transparency in a wide wavelength range [1,6].…”

“…Of the oxide glasses, germanate glass is one of the most promising hosts for infrared and upconversion lasers and optical amplifiers because of its lower phonon energy and high transparency in a wide wavelength range [1,6]. In addition, heavy metal fluoride glasses with high refractive index attract much attention because their phonon energy is lower than those of borate, phosphate, silicate, and germanate.…”