Optical spectroscopic diagnosis of cancer and normal breast tissues

Innate cellular fluorescence reflects alterations in cellular proliferation

“…Its relevance to clinical oncology may be manyfold including use as an intermediate endpoint biomarker in cancer chemoprevention trials [1]. Starting in 1984 in animals [2] and in 1987 in human tissue [3], different organ systems have been investigated both in vivo and in vitro using this technology including the lung [4], colon [5][6][7][8], skin [9], heart [10], breast [11], ovary [12], and cervix [13]. The fluorescence patterns of single cells have also been studied [14].…”

Spatial Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging (SLIFIMG) Analysis to Assess Tissue Photosensitizer Uptake

“…Encouraging results have already been obtained for use of optical techniques for in situ monitoring of tissue parameters, discrimination of diseased tissue from normal, mammography, and several therapeutic applications. For most of these applications, in particular for the use of light in therapy, it is important to be able to predict the spatial distribution of light in the target tissue [5].…”

Spectral-domain low coherence interferometry/optical coherence tomography system for fine needle breast biopsy guidance

“…Various optical methods have been developed over the years to automatically interpret tissue type and improve biopsy outcome. Among them, spectroscopic-based methods have shown real promise ͑see Alfano et al, 19,20 Yang et al, 21,22 Gupta,23 etc.͒ Diffuse reflectance methods have also shown potential for tissue diagnosis ͑see Bigio et al 24 and Palmer et al, 25 etc.͒. However, neither of the abovementioned methods can probe tissue in depth and therefore their role is limited to guide the biopsy of epithelial malignancies ͑i.e., colon, esophagus, cervix, etc.͒.…”