Optical pulse labeling studies reveal exogenous seeding slows α-synuclein clearance

Abstract

The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in intracellular formations known as Lewy bodies (LBs) is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and Lewy Body Dementia. There is still limited understanding of how α-syn and LB formation is associated with cellular dysfunction and degeneration in these diseases. To examine the clearance and production dynamics of α-syn we transduced organotypic murine brain slice cultures (BSCs) with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) to express Dendra2-tagged human wild-type (WT) and mutant A53T α-syn, with and without the addition of exogenous α-syn fibrillar seeds and tracked them over several weeks in culture using optical pulse labeling. We found that neurons expressing WT or mutant A53T human α-syn show similar rates of α-syn turnover even when insoluble, phosphorylated Ser129 α-syn has accumulated. Taken together, this data reveals α-syn aggregation and overexpression, pSer129 α-syn, nor the A53T mutation affect α-syn dynamics in this system. Prion-type seeding with exogenous α-syn fibrils significantly slows α-syn turnover, in the absence of toxicity but is associated with the accumulation of anti-p62 immunoreactivity and Thiazin Red positivity. Prion-type induction of α-syn aggregation points towards a potential protein clearance deficit in the presence of fibrillar seeds and the ease of this system to explore precise mechanisms underlying these processes. This system facilitates the exploration of α-syn protein dynamics over long-term culture periods. This platform can further be exploited to provide mechanistic insight on what drives this slowing of α-syn turnover and how therapeutics, other genes or different α-syn mutations may affect α-syn protein dynamics.

Monitoring α-synuclein ubiquitination dynamics reveals key endosomal effectors mediating its trafficking and degradation

“…It is therefore conceivable that at the ultrastructural level, 3K ubiquitinated α-synuclein in Lewy bodies is associated with these trapped endosomes. Sequestration of relevant effectors such as NBR1 (40) or endosomes-lysosomes (44,45) in inclusions may impair efficient degradation of α-synuclein as shown in our and other (46) models of seeded aggregation. Endosomes are also key compartments for the internalization of exogenous α-synuclein assemblies that may contribute to the spread of pathology and disease progression (47).…”