Highly luminescent ternary Zn–Ga–S
quantum dots (QDs)
were synthesized via a noninjection method by varying Zn/Ga ratios.
X-ray diffraction and Raman investigations demonstrate composition-dependent
changes with multiple phases including ZnGa2S4, ZnS, and Ga2S3 in all samples. Two distinct
excitation pathways were identified from absorption and photoluminescence
excitation spectra; among them, one is due to the band-gap transition
appearing at around 375 and 395 nm, whereas another one observed nearby
505 nm originates from sub-band-gap defect states. Photoluminescence
(PL) spectra of these QDs depict multiple emission noticeable at around
410, 435, 461, and 477 nm arising from crystallographic point defects
formed within the band gap. The origin of these defects including
zinc interstitials (IZn), zinc vacancies (VZn), sulfur interstitials (IS), sulfur vacancies (VS), and gallium vacancies (VGa) has been discussed
in detail by proposing an energy-level diagram. Further, the time-dependent
PL decay curve strongly suggests that the tail emission (appear around
477 nm) in these ternary QDs arises due to donor–acceptor pair
recombination. This study enables us to understand the PL mechanism
in new series of Zn–Ga–S ternary QDs and can be useful
for the future utilization of these QDs in photovoltaic and display
devices.