Optical Microscopy of the Pediatric Vocal Fold

Abstract

The OFDI and SECM techniques were identified as promising and complementary candidates for in vivo cellular and subcellular imaging of the epithelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria of the pediatric vocal fold. To further validate the clinical potential of these techniques, a handheld SECM probe has been developed and demonstrated for in vivo evaluation of the pediatric vocal fold.

Evaluation of the Human Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Furthermore, we previously demonstrated the ability to differentiate the VF subepithelial structures ex vivo with OCT and validated our findings with anatomical measurements made on fixed laryngeal tissue 58,59 . Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy 35,60,61 …”

“…58,59 Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy. 35,60,61 Our inability to provide a molecular landscape of the subepithelial VF, such as the extracellular matrix's fibrous protein composition, is another limitation. Future studies could use polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) with an analysis of VF birefringence distribution to highlight collagenous regions 62,63 and, therefore, secure the DLP-VM location interface.…”

Evaluation of the Human Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Furthermore, we previously demonstrated the ability to differentiate the VF subepithelial structures ex vivo with OCT and validated our findings with anatomical measurements made on fixed laryngeal tissue 58,59 . Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy 35,60,61 …”

“…58,59 Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy. 35,60,61 Our inability to provide a molecular landscape of the subepithelial VF, such as the extracellular matrix's fibrous protein composition, is another limitation. Future studies could use polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) with an analysis of VF birefringence distribution to highlight collagenous regions 62,63 and, therefore, secure the DLP-VM location interface.…”

Valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis in patients with head and neck cancer postradiotherapy: A systematic review

“…In other regions of the body, several tools have shown promise in their ability to assess fibrosis and/or tissue composition: (1) tissue compliance meter, which has been used to assess breast tissue; (2) shear wave ultrasound, which has been used to assess liver, breast, prostate, and skeletal muscle tissues; (3) MRI, which has been used to assess cardiac fibrosis; (4) magnetic resonance elastography, which has been used to assess liver, lung, and skeletal muscle tissues (within the extremities); (5) optical coherence tomography, which has been used to assess fibrosis within the oral submucosa, the gastrointestinal tract, the pediatric larynx, and microvascular structures; (6) optical coherence elastography, which has been used to assess the biomechanical properties of skin; and (7) autofluorescence spectroscopy, which has been used to assess fibrosis of the oral submucosa . To date, none of these techniques have been evaluated in terms of their reliability or validity when measuring fibrosis within the head and neck musculature.…”

Full‐field optical coherence microscopy is a novel technique for imaging enteric ganglia in the gastrointestinal tract

“…Due to the ultrashort coherence length of the illumination source, the axial resolution is 0.8 lm, higher than that of conventional OCT and similar to the resolution of a microscope with a high power objective. 21 While FFOCM has been successfully used to image brain and sciatic nerve, cancer cell lines, GI tissues, vocal fold, and other tissue, 23,24,[30][31][32] no data exist on the ability of FFOCM to image the ENS. Our results expand the applications of FFOCM to include assessment of the ENS, showing the ability of FFOCM to provide morphologic and quantitative information regarding myenteric ganglia, including ganglionic area and neuronal counts.…”

Evaluation of the Human Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Furthermore, we previously demonstrated the ability to differentiate the VF subepithelial structures ex vivo with OCT and validated our findings with anatomical measurements made on fixed laryngeal tissue 58,59 . Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy 35,60,61 …”

“…58,59 Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy. 35,60,61 Our inability to provide a molecular landscape of the subepithelial VF, such as the extracellular matrix's fibrous protein composition, is another limitation. Future studies could use polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) with an analysis of VF birefringence distribution to highlight collagenous regions 62,63 and, therefore, secure the DLP-VM location interface.…”

Valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis in patients with head and neck cancer postradiotherapy: A systematic review

“…In other regions of the body, several tools have shown promise in their ability to assess fibrosis and/or tissue composition: (1) tissue compliance meter, which has been used to assess breast tissue; (2) shear wave ultrasound, which has been used to assess liver, breast, prostate, and skeletal muscle tissues; (3) MRI, which has been used to assess cardiac fibrosis; (4) magnetic resonance elastography, which has been used to assess liver, lung, and skeletal muscle tissues (within the extremities); (5) optical coherence tomography, which has been used to assess fibrosis within the oral submucosa, the gastrointestinal tract, the pediatric larynx, and microvascular structures; (6) optical coherence elastography, which has been used to assess the biomechanical properties of skin; and (7) autofluorescence spectroscopy, which has been used to assess fibrosis of the oral submucosa . To date, none of these techniques have been evaluated in terms of their reliability or validity when measuring fibrosis within the head and neck musculature.…”

Full‐field optical coherence microscopy is a novel technique for imaging enteric ganglia in the gastrointestinal tract

“…Due to the ultrashort coherence length of the illumination source, the axial resolution is 0.8 lm, higher than that of conventional OCT and similar to the resolution of a microscope with a high power objective. 21 While FFOCM has been successfully used to image brain and sciatic nerve, cancer cell lines, GI tissues, vocal fold, and other tissue, 23,24,[30][31][32] no data exist on the ability of FFOCM to image the ENS. Our results expand the applications of FFOCM to include assessment of the ENS, showing the ability of FFOCM to provide morphologic and quantitative information regarding myenteric ganglia, including ganglionic area and neuronal counts.…”

Evaluation of the Human Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Furthermore, we previously demonstrated the ability to differentiate the VF subepithelial structures ex vivo with OCT and validated our findings with anatomical measurements made on fixed laryngeal tissue 58,59 . Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy 35,60,61 …”

“…58,59 Moreover, numerous studies have already established the correlation of OCT imaging with light microscopy. 35,60,61 Our inability to provide a molecular landscape of the subepithelial VF, such as the extracellular matrix's fibrous protein composition, is another limitation. Future studies could use polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) with an analysis of VF birefringence distribution to highlight collagenous regions 62,63 and, therefore, secure the DLP-VM location interface.…”

Valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis in patients with head and neck cancer postradiotherapy: A systematic review

“…In other regions of the body, several tools have shown promise in their ability to assess fibrosis and/or tissue composition: (1) tissue compliance meter, which has been used to assess breast tissue; (2) shear wave ultrasound, which has been used to assess liver, breast, prostate, and skeletal muscle tissues; (3) MRI, which has been used to assess cardiac fibrosis; (4) magnetic resonance elastography, which has been used to assess liver, lung, and skeletal muscle tissues (within the extremities); (5) optical coherence tomography, which has been used to assess fibrosis within the oral submucosa, the gastrointestinal tract, the pediatric larynx, and microvascular structures; (6) optical coherence elastography, which has been used to assess the biomechanical properties of skin; and (7) autofluorescence spectroscopy, which has been used to assess fibrosis of the oral submucosa . To date, none of these techniques have been evaluated in terms of their reliability or validity when measuring fibrosis within the head and neck musculature.…”

Full‐field optical coherence microscopy is a novel technique for imaging enteric ganglia in the gastrointestinal tract

“…Due to the ultrashort coherence length of the illumination source, the axial resolution is 0.8 lm, higher than that of conventional OCT and similar to the resolution of a microscope with a high power objective. 21 While FFOCM has been successfully used to image brain and sciatic nerve, cancer cell lines, GI tissues, vocal fold, and other tissue, 23,24,[30][31][32] no data exist on the ability of FFOCM to image the ENS. Our results expand the applications of FFOCM to include assessment of the ENS, showing the ability of FFOCM to provide morphologic and quantitative information regarding myenteric ganglia, including ganglionic area and neuronal counts.…”