Optical detection methods for carotenoids in human skin

Ermakov, Igor V.; Gellermann, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.020

Cited by 65 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In fact, it is well known that the absorption of light by carotenoids is due to the presence of conjugated carboncarbon double bonds and that a typical absorbance spectrum of a carotenoid contains three bands in the blue region of the optical spectrum (400-500 nm) where the maxima of which are functions of the chromophore lengths [18] as carotenoids consist of a sequence of alternating carbon double and single bonds (C=C and C-C bonds, resp. ), with the outer electron free to move along the chain [19]. Additionally, it is well established that these absorption bands, which give carotenoids their color, are due to the 1A g − → 1B u + transition [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stability of Baru (Dipteryx alataVogel) Oil Monitored by Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy

Silva

Conceição

Oliveira

et al. 2015

Journal of Spectroscopy

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Baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel) is a native fruit of the Brazilian savanna that provides a nutritive oil, which also has medicinal properties. Baru fruits were collected in central-western Brazil, and the oil was obtained by pressing the seeds. The Baru oil was heated at 110 ∘ C for 24 h, and its oxidative stability was investigated by using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The data showed that both absorption and fluorescence were able to precisely monitor the oil degradation induced by the thermooxidative process. The results revealed a rapid growth of the primary compounds generation in the first 16 hours of degradation. Significant amounts of secondary compounds began to be generated after 14 hours.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stability of Baru (Dipteryx alataVogel) Oil Monitored by Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy

Silva

Conceição

Oliveira

et al. 2015

Journal of Spectroscopy

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“…Although this technique looks at total skin carotenoids and not just lutein and zeaxanthin, skin carotenoid measurement devices can be made in a portable and inexpensive manner suitable for widespread clinical and research use. 63 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations Between Macular, Skin, and Serum Carotenoids

Conrady

Bell

Besch

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeOcular and systemic measurement and imaging of the macular carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin have been employed extensively as potential biomarkers of AMD risk. In this study, we systematically compare dual wavelength retinal autofluorescence imaging (AFI) of macular pigment with skin resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and serum carotenoid levels in a clinic-based population.MethodsEighty-eight patients were recruited from retina and general ophthalmology practices from a tertiary referral center and excluded only if they did not have all three modalities tested, had a diagnosis of macular telangiectasia (MacTel) or Stargardt disease, or had poor AFI image quality. Skin, macular, and serum carotenoid levels were measured by RRS, AFI, and HPLC, respectively.ResultsSkin RRS measurements and serum zeaxanthin concentrations correlated most strongly with AFI macular pigment volume under the curve (MPVUC) measurements up to 9° eccentricity relative to MPVUC or rotationally averaged macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements at smaller eccentricities. These measurements were reproducible and not significantly affected by cataracts. We also found that these techniques could readily identify subjects taking oral carotenoid-containing supplements.ConclusionsLarger macular pigment volume AFI and skin RRS measurements are noninvasive, objective, and reliable methods to assess ocular and systemic carotenoid levels. They are an attractive alternative to psychophysical and optical methods that measure MPOD at a limited number of eccentricities. Consequently, skin RRS and MPVUC at 9° are both reasonable biomarkers of macular carotenoid status that could be readily adapted to research and clinical settings.

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“…Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and reflection spectroscopy (RS) provide noninvasive optical methodologies for rapid quantitative assessment of carotenoids in human skin [1]. Since collective skin carotenoids are a biomarker of vegetable and fruit (V/F) intake [2], both methods hold promise for applications in nutrition science and epidemiology, where large populations can be easily screened for tissue carotenoid status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical assessment of skin carotenoid status as a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake

Ermakov

Ermakova

Sharifzadeh

et al. 2018

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and reflection spectroscopy (RS) are optical methods applicable to the non-invasive detection of carotenoids in human skin. RRS is the older, more thoroughly validated method, whereas RS is newer and has several advantages. Since collective skin carotenoid levels serve as a biomarker for vegetable and fruit intake, both methods hold promise as convenient screening tools for assessment of dietary interventions and correlations between skin carotenoids and health and disease outcomes. In this manuscript, we describe the most recent optimized device configurations and compare their use in various clinical and field settings. Both RRS and RS devices yield a wide range of skin carotenoid levels between subjects, which is a critical feature for a biomarker. Repeatability of the methods is 3-15% depending on the subject's skin carotenoid level and the uniformity of its local distribution. For 54 subjects recruited from an ophthalmology clinic, we first checked the validity of the relatively novel RS methodology via biochemical serum carotenoid measurements, the latter carried out with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A high correlation between RS skin and serum HPLC carotenoid levels was established (R = 0.81; p < 0.001). Also, a high correlation was found between RS and RRS skin levels (R = 0.94 p < 0.001). Subsequent comparisons of skin carotenoid measurements in diverse age groups and ethnicities included 569 Japanese adults, 947 children with ages 2-5 screened in 24 day care centers in San Francisco, and 49 predominantly Hispanic adults screened at an outdoor health fair event. Depending on the particular subject group, correlation coefficients between the RRS and RS methods ranged between R ∼0.80 and R ∼0.96. Analysis of the Japanese screening showed that, on average, skin carotenoid levels are higher in women compared to men, skin levels do not depend on age, and tobacco smokers have reduced levels versus non-smokers. For the two most ethnically diverse groups with widely varying melanin levels, we investigated the effect of dermal melanin on RS and RRS skin carotenoid levels. The analysis revealed that large variations in skin carotenoid levels remain detectable independent of the particular melanin index. This behavior is consistent with the absence of melanin effects on the skin carotenoid levels generated with the instrument configurations. The RS method has an advantage over RRS in its relative simplicity. Due to its detection of skin reflection over a wide spectral range from the near UV to the near IR, it has the unique ability to quantify each of the major tissue chromophores and take them into account in the derivation of skin carotenoid levels.

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Optical detection methods for carotenoids in human skin

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Oxidative Stability of Baru (Dipteryx alataVogel) Oil Monitored by Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy

Oxidative Stability of Baru (Dipteryx alataVogel) Oil Monitored by Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy

Correlations Between Macular, Skin, and Serum Carotenoids

Optical assessment of skin carotenoid status as a biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake

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