“…Unfortunately, most of these mobile nodes in the composed networks rely on capabilities of wireless equipment, e.g., self-configuration and self-organization; they do not assume the presence of other communication infrastructures within the disaster scenario. In this context, it requires interoperability among highly heterogeneous portable equipment in terms of coverage, cost, autonomy, and other similar factors, to form a temporary DAWN, which requires reliability, interoperability, and adaptiveness [20,22]. Required mobile nodes can range from traditional RF front-ends installed on ground vehicles and portable masts to last-generation devices operating from unmanned aerial fleets of drones, helicopters, and airplanes.…”