Ophthalmic Manifestations of Acute Leukaemias

Ocular findings in children with acute leukemia at a tertiary care center in South America

“…They reported that at least 69% of the patients will have retinal manifestations at some point in the course of their disease. [ 16 17 18 19 ]…”

Retinal changes in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (all): discussion of topic from a case report

“…É importante para o diagnóstico o achado laboratorial de blastos no sangue e um exame citológico de medula óssea, que demonstre infiltração de células leucêmicas. (3) Percebe-se a existência de massas de células leucêmicas em tecidos moles, contudo, a leucemia extra medular com acometimento ocular pode ser anterior ao comprometimento visto na medula óssea. (4) O tratamento da Leucemia é baseado na aplicação de quimioterapia combinada e varia de acordo com protocolos e tem como objetivo erradicar a maior quantidade de medula óssea patologicamente alterada.…”

Roth’s spots in leukemia

“…Roth's spots are retinal hemorrhages with white or pale centers, which can be seen in numerous conditions, such as bacterial endocarditis, complications of leukemia, intracranial hemorrhage, vasculitis, opportunistic infections, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, and effect of medical therapy [1][2][3][4][5]. Ophthalmic manifestations have been described in 39.3% of patients with diagnosis of leukemia [1,2].…”

“…Roth's spots account for a quarter of intraocular manifestations [1,3]. Roth's spot is more common in acute (20.5%) than in chronic (4.9%) leukemia and its mechanism can be explained due to hyperviscosity syndrome caused by leukocytosis or direct infiltration [1][2][3]5]. Several studies reveal ocular disorders as the early sign of worsening clinical course with significantly poor prognosis in patients with CML [2].…”

“…Overall, it's important that prompt detailed review of systems and laboratory evaluation when Roth's spots have been noted. Fundoscopy is a mandatory examination by ophthalmologist in patients of leukemia with intraocular disorders [5].…”