Operation of networked multi-carrier microgrid considering demand response

Abstract

Purpose Microgrids are inclined to use renewable energy resources within the availability limits. In conventional studies, energy interchange among microgrids was not considered because of one-directional power flows. Hence, this paper aims to study the optimal day-ahead energy scheduling of a centralized networked multi-carrier microgrid (NMCMG). The energy scheduling faces new challenges by inclusion of responsive loads, integration of renewable sources (wind and solar) and interaction of multi-carrier microgrids (MCMGs). Design/methodology/approach The optimization model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programing and is solved using GAMS software. Numerical simulations are performed on a system with three MCMGs, including combined heat and power, photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines and energy storages to fulfill the required electrical and thermal load demands. In the proposed system, the MCMGs are in grid-connected mode to exchange power when required. Findings The proposed model is capable of minimizing the system costs by using a novel demand side management model and integrating the multiple-energy infrastructure, as well as handling the energy management of the network. Furthermore, the novel demand side management model gives more accurate optimal results. The operational performance and total cost of the NMCMG in simultaneous operation of multiple carriers has been effectively improved. Originality/value Introduction and modeling of the multiple energy demands within the MCMG. A novel time- and incentive-based demand side management, characterized by shifting techniques, is applied to reshape the load curve, as well as for preventing the excessive use of energy in peak hours. This paper analyzes the need to study how inclusion of multiple energy infrastructure integration and responsive load can impact the future distribution network costs.

Multi-criteria dispatch optimization of a community energy network with desalination: Insights for trading off cost and security of supply

“…(47) , which is subject to the maximum allowable limit in Eq. (48) [ 34 ]. where represents the quantity of gas imported from the broader gas network, and respectively denote the natural gas utilization of the cogeneration component and boiling module, is the heat output of the boiling module, and respectively denote the electric and thermal outputs of the cogeneration component, represents the lower heating value of natural gas, and respectively denote the electric and thermal efficiencies of the cogeneration component, is the electricity exchanged with the with the wider electricity network, represents the line capacity, and respectively denote the heating load and electrical load (excluding the electrical load associated with the desalination unit and water pumps) on the community energy network, is the overall electrical load on the system due to the desalination unit and water pumps, whi...…”

Probabilistic Optimization of Networked Multi-Carrier Microgrids to Enhance Resilience Leveraging Demand Response Programs

“…Equations ( 31)- (34) are used to represent the features of CHPs using the power-heat feasible operating regions of type-one CHP units in [54]. Inequalities (35) and (36) show the upper and lower thresholds of the electrical and thermal power generated by CHPs.…”

“…The NMCMG is initially inspired by the multi-carrier energy hub model. The NMCMG can be exploited to streamline the complex tasks of energy management and efficiently deal with different load growth scenarios in market prices within a network of MCMGs [36]. In [37], the MG resilience against severe events was reviewed from centralized, decentralized, and hybrid energy management systems.…”

Towards Optimal Management in Microgrids: An Overview

“…On the other hand, MGs can operate connected to or disconnected from the public grid [5,9]. The growth in the area of MGs in recent years has made it possible to combine different generation sources, and it is for this reason that MGs can be categorized as electric MGs (composed only of electric energy), combined heat and power MGs (composed of process heat and power), and multi-carrier MGs (composed of power and natural gas) [22,23]; on the other hand, it is important to mention that this review was based on the study of electric MGs.…”