Opacity calculations. Ge and Si dopants in ICF

Calculation of Silicon Plasmas with a Relativistic Collisional Radiative Average Atom Code

“…[14,15]. There are also mixtures compared with opacity profiles calculated by Pim Pam Pum (PPP) code [24]. Time dependent plasmas of mixtures: Experiments employing gold vacuum hohlraums heated with laser energies in the range between 150 ÷ 635 kJ and reaching radiation temperatures of up to 340 eV have been carried out, showing high X-ray conversion efficiencies of 85% ÷ 90% at NIF, USA [25].…”

“…Figure 4: Hohlraum and capsule for Inertial Confinement with indirect drive approach and opacity (cm 2 /g) at T e = 300 eV for SiC, T R = 0 eV and N e = 6.0E + 23 cm -3 with the code ALICE II[14] (lines as legend) and ATMED CR (orange line), the grey line belongs to the spectrum registered by DANTE (upper graphs). Opacity of mixtures of C + Si with percentage 1%-2%-3% Si calculated with Pim Pam Pum (PPP) code at density ρ = 0.01 g/cm3 and T e = T R = 50 eV and mixtures C + 1% Si at several densities[2,24] and profiles of ATMED CR (intermediate graphs). Opacity for the aforementioned mixtures calculated with ATMED CR code at several densities and % of Si at T e = T R = 50 eV and mean charge of SiO 2 and 5% SiC mixtures in LTE or NLTE regimes with dilution factor 1 at T e = 200 ÷ 500 eV, T R = 300 eV and ρ = 2.6 g/cm 3 (lower graphs).…”

First-principles study of L -shell iron and chromium opacity at stellar interior temperatures

“…Building a reliable opacity model for materials under extreme condition is one of the grand challenges in high-energy-density physics (HEDP), especially across the most complicated warm-dense-matter (WDM) domain of thermodynamic conditions when both the Coulomb coupling parameter and the electron degeneracy are close to unity. The traditional opacity models based on isolated atomic physics when the important plasma density and temperature effects such as Stark broadening, ionization potential depression (IPD), and continuum lowering are incorporated via corrections [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], often become unreliable beyond the ideal plasma conditions [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Ionization competition effects on population distribution and radiative opacity of mixture plasmas

“…These researches have deepened our understanding of ionization equilibrium and radiative opacity of mixtures in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and have provided large amounts of data useful in astrophysics and ICF. [17][18][19][20] However, there are new features for the computation of the radiative opacity of mixtures compared with pure plasmas, which are not fully understood. When two or more elements are present in a plasma at finite temperature and density, they interact with each other and arrive at an equilibrium that may modify their properties compared with pure matters.…”