Oocysticidal Effect of Essential Oils (EOs) and their Major Components on Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium galli

Remmal, Adnane; Tanghort, Mariam; Chefchaou, Hanane; Mzabi, Aouatef; Moussa, Hanan; Chami, Najat; Chami, Fouzia

doi:10.3923/ijps.2019.475.482

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Among the limited studies published, addressed the effects of clove oil and or its major compounds on parasitic infection, Tanghort et al stated that clove essential oil resulted in a significant decrease in the number of C. baileyi and C. galli oocysts by about 85% up to 98% in time and dose-dependent manners. 60 In another study conducted by Fang et al, clove oil has shown 100% acaricidal efficacy by killing all Sarcoptes scabiei mites subjected to it within 20. 61 Eugenol, one of the main clove oil components, has the potential to precipitate in the treatments of many parasites as Giardia lamblia, Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi , and Plasmodium falciparum at high doses as stated in many in-vitro studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Commercially Available Syzygium aromaticum, Anethum graveolens, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, and Zinc as Alternatives Therapy in Experimental Mice Challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum

Gaber¹,

Galal²,

Farrag³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Waterborne cryptosporidiosis is the second cause of diarrhea in young children and immunocompromised hosts after rotavirus. Except for nitazoxanide (NTZ), there is no accredited cryptosporidiosis treatment to date. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an effective and safe treatment for cryptosporidiosis. This study aimed to investigate the possible anti-protozoal effects of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oil, Anethum graveolens (dill) seeds oil, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, and zinc against Cryptosporidium parvum in comparison to NTZ. Methods Besides the negative control, mice from six experimental groups (T1–T6) were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. On the seventh day post-infection (PID), mice from five groups were treated for 8 consecutive days with NTZ, clove oil, dill seed oil, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, and zinc commercial forms (T2–T5). Oocysts shedding rate, differences of mice body weight, serum IL10, and TNF-α, cryptosporidial antigen, and cd3 at the intestinal mucosa were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results The mean of the C. parvum oocysts’ shedding rate was significantly lower in all treated groups than in the non-treated group. The oocysts reduction rate was the highest in zinc-treated mice (98.3%), Lactobacillus acidophilus LB and dill-treated groups (95.77%), and the NTZ-treated group (91.55%). Clove oil was the least effective, with a 74.65% reduction rate. Excluding the clove oil-treated group, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the clearance of the Cryptosporidium antigen in the intestinal tissue in all treated groups. Conclusion The study has provided a rational basis for using these safe, cheap, and commercially available alternatives in treating cryptosporidiosis combined with NTZ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Commercially Available Syzygium aromaticum, Anethum graveolens, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, and Zinc as Alternatives Therapy in Experimental Mice Challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum

Gaber¹,

Galal²,

Farrag³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…Our laboratory, which has extensively worked on essential oils and their major compounds, demonstrated the antiparasitic activity of these components (Remmal, Achahbar, Bouddine, Chami, & Chami, 2011;Tanghort et al, 2019). These studies suggested a potential use of these substances as alternatives to antiparasitic treatments used for treating poultry drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This inhibitory effect is explained by the fact that thymol is one of the most effective antiparasitic agent. Tanghort et al (2019) tested the oocysticidic efficiency of thymol and found that it decreases the number of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium galli oocysts in a significant proportion (88%) at a concentration 0.5 mg mL-1 after only 3 hours of treatment, while no oocysts were visible at the concentration of 1 mg mL -1 . After 24 hours of treatment, all oocysts of both Cryptosporidium species are destroyed at the concentration of 0.5 mg mL -1 .…”

Section: In Vitro Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo study of the antiparasitic effect of thymol on poultry drinking water

Sennouni

Oukouia

Jabeur

et al. 2022

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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The current study evaluates the antiparasitic effect of thymol on reducing parasite burden, especially Cryptosporidium load, in poultry drinking water and in improving zootechnical performances of chicks. The first experiment assessed in vitro the anti-cryptosporidium activity of NP (thymol-based product) on drinking water samples using microscopic counting. Samples were treated by increasing concentrations of thymol (1, 2 and 4 g L-1 of NP). In vivo, chicken were randomly assigned to three groups (control and chicks consuming treated water with two concentration of thymol (1 and 2 g L-1 of NP). Water treatment efficiency was evaluated on the intestinal parasitic load and zootechnical performances of animals (Body weight, body weight gain, food intake and the consumption index). In vitro the anti-cryptosporidium effect was dose dependent (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001). The in vivo test showed that the intestinal parasitic load was significantly lower (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001) in the group treated with 2 g L-1 of NP. Additionally, results showed a significant increase (p <0.05; p <0.1; p <0.001) in the body weight and the body weight gain of treated groups during the whole rearing period compared to the control. Furthermore, treated groups represent a lower consumption index compared to the control.

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“…It is for this reason that the European Union banned the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in 2006 [ 7 , 8 ]. Our laboratory has demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their major compounds [ 9 – 12 ]. Among the various constituents of EOs, thymol, the major component of the essential oil of thyme and oregano, has been shown to have an antibacterial effect on several bacterial species [ 10 , 13 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Changes in Antibiotics Susceptibility of E. coli and Chicken’s Intestinal Flora after Exposure to Amoxicillin or Thymol

Hriouech

Akhmouch

Tanghort

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine International

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This study aims at verifying, in vitro, the extent to which the use of amoxicillin or thymol induces the selection of resistant bacteria and at evaluating in vivo their effects on the development of antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal flora of poultry. E. coli strain was subcultured on agar plates containing increasing concentrations of either amoxicillin or thymol. Thereafter, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of thymol, amoxicillin, and two other antibiotics, tylosin and colistin, were determined using the microdilution method. Groups of chicks were subjected to a 2-week regime of either amoxicillin or thymol added to their drinking water. During the treatment with either thymol or amoxicillin, the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) was counted on thymol-gradient plates or amoxicillin-gradient plates and the MICs of antibiotics and thymol for E. coli isolates were determined. The in vitro test showed that for E. coli, which had been serially subcultured on increasing concentrations of amoxicillin, a 32-fold increase in MIC values for amoxicillin and a 4-fold increase for colistin and tylosin were noted. However, the MIC of thymol for this strain remained constant. For the E. coli, which had been serially subcultured on increasing concentrations of thymol, no change in the MIC values for antibiotics and thymol was observed. The in vivo test confirmed the in vitro one. It demonstrated that exposure to amoxicillin induced a selection of antimicrobial resistance in TAMF and intestinal E. coli, whereas exposure to thymol did not. The results showed that the group receiving thymol had a lower consumption index compared to the other groups. This study demonstrates the feasibility of this natural product as an alternative solution to the current use of antibiotics in poultry farming.

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Oocysticidal Effect of Essential Oils (EOs) and their Major Components on Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium galli

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

The Effects of Commercially Available Syzygium aromaticum, Anethum graveolens, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, and Zinc as Alternatives Therapy in Experimental Mice Challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum

The Effects of Commercially Available Syzygium aromaticum, Anethum graveolens, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB, and Zinc as Alternatives Therapy in Experimental Mice Challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum

In vitro and in vivo study of the antiparasitic effect of thymol on poultry drinking water

In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Changes in Antibiotics Susceptibility of E. coli and Chicken’s Intestinal Flora after Exposure to Amoxicillin or Thymol

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