“…Conversely, observational data on young adults with OUD who received a short (3-day) buprenorphine detoxification in an outpatient setting, indicate lower rates of abstinence (12% abstinent at six months)(Gandhi et al, 2003) although these rates are higher when detoxification is implemented in residential treatment settings (approximately 31-43% at six months) (Schuman-Olivier et al, 2014b). In terms of retention, published observational studies have generally reported six-month retention rates ranging from 25% (Matson et al, 2014) to 40 % (Schuman-Olivier et al, 2014a; Vo et al, 2016) and one-year retention rates between 9-17% (Smyth et al, 2012; Matson et al, 2014; Schuman-Olivier et al, 2014a; Mutlu et al.). Importantly, close to one-fourth of youth who receive an induction leave treatment within the first week (Bell et al, 2006; Matson et al, 2014) but anywhere from one-fourth to one-half of youth who drop out of treatment will come back within a year (Bell et al, 2006; Matson et al, 2014; Mutlu et al.…”