One‐step synthesized magnetic MIL‐101(Cr) for effective extraction of triazine herbicides from rice prior to determination by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

The magnetic metal‐organic framework MIL‐101(Cr) material‐based solid‐phase extraction method coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was applied to extract seven triazine herbicides in rices. Fe3O4/MIL‐101(Cr) was synthesized using reduction‐precipitation method, in which steps including pre‐synthesis and modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were by‐passed. Various parameters including extraction solvent type and volume, ultrasonic extraction time, amount of Fe3O4/MIL‐101(Cr) microspheres, adsorption time, desorption volume and time were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method had the limit of detection (S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) of 1.08–18.10 and 3.60–60.20 pg/g, respectively. Relative standard deviations calculated for all herbicides with concentrations of 2 and 20 ng/g were in the range of 0.5 to 13% (n = 3). In addition, at the two above‐mentioned concentrations, the method achieved relative recoveries percentages of 79.3 to 116.7% when applied to determine the triazine herbicides in real samples spiked. This rapid, green, non‐polluting, pre‐concentrated extraction method was successfully developed and applied to analyze herbicides in rice samples.

Preparation of magnetic metal‐organic framework MIL‐101(Fe) and its application in the extraction of anthraquinones in rhubarb

“…Its ligand is terephthalic acid, which can adsorb different substances through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and so on [20]. At present, MIL-101based MSPE has been applied in various fields, including the determination of drugs such as antibiotics [21] and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [22], endocrine substances such as phthalate esters [23], pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides [24], triazine herbicides [25][26], common pollutants such as organic dyes [27][28][29][30], as well as toxins such as ochratoxin A [31]. It is no doubt that the use of MSPE for qualitative or quantitative analysis of trace compounds from different complex sample matrices is significant for phytochemical analysis.…”

Fabrication and application of a MIL-68(In)–NH2 incorporated high internal phase emulsion polymeric monolith as a solid phase extraction adsorbent in triazine herbicide residue analysis

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Among various sample preparation, solid phase extraction (SPE) is the most widely used extraction technique for extracting triazine herbicides from water samples because of its advantages of high recovery, high enrichment factor, low solvent consumption, and short extraction time. [2][3][4][5][6] As a result, various SPE adsorbents, including oxidized single-walled carbon nanohorns, 2 triazine rings-containing porous aromatic frameworks, 3 poly(high internal phase emulsions) (polyHIPEs), 5,6 molecular imprinted polymers, 4,11,12 carbazole-based porous organic polymers, 13 hydrazone-based covalent triazine polymers, 14 and metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) [15][16][17][18] have been fabricated and applied in the SPE of triazine herbicides in environmental samples. Among these SPE adsorbents, MOFs were possessed of high adsorption and separation performance, owing to their remarkable merits like large surface area, adjustable pore size, diverse structures, as well as great chemical and thermal stability.…”

Metal–organic framework for the extraction and detection of pesticides from food commodities

“…In addition, the adsorbent can be quickly separated from the extraction solvent by an external magnet and the analytes could easily be desorbed in 4 min. In addition, the Fe 3 O 4 particles could directly grow on the surface of the MIL‐101(Cr) without modification, which greatly reduced the synthesis time and provides the possibility for large‐scale applications (Jiang et al., 2019).…”