One-Dimensional P-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Tube: Facile Synthesis, Effect of Doping Concentration, and Enhanced Mechanism for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract

P-doped graphitic carbon nitride tubes (P-CNTS) with different P concentrations were successfully fabricated via a pre-hydrothermal in combination with a calcination process under a nitrogen atmosphere. The as-prepared samples exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 2749.3 μmol g−1 h−1, which was 17.5 and 6.6 times higher than that of the bulk graphitic carbon nitride (CNB) and graphitic carbon nitride tube (CNT). The structural and textural properties of the P-CNT samples were well-investigated via a series of characterization methods. Compared with the bulk g-C3N4, the tubular structure of the doped samples was provided with a larger specific surface area (SSA) and a relatively rough interior. Besides the above, surface defects were formed due to the doping, which could act as more active sites for the hydrogen production reaction. In addition, the introduction of the P element could effectively adjust the band-gap, strengthen the harvest of visible-light, and boost the effective separation of photogenerated charges. More interestingly, these findings can open up a novel prospect for the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance of the modified g-C3N4.

Pretreatment strategies of precursors for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production of graphitic phase carbon nitride

“…The good photocatalytic activity of CN-H is due to the porous lamellar structure after hydrothermal pretreatment and the increase of SSA, which can provide more active sites for the reaction. [20,21], respectively, so the VB values of CN-C are determined to be 1.68 eV, 0.12 eV higher than those of CN-H. According to the band arrangement of the REDOX potentials relative to water reduction and oxidation in the figure, it is found that both CN-C and CN-H satisfy the thermodynamic conditions for photocatalytic H 2 production.…”

Anchoring MoS2 microflowers on oxygen-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets to construct Z-Scheme hybrid compositesfor efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production

“…All starting materials, consisting of urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO), thiourea ((NH 2 ) 2 CS), ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH 4 ) 2 Mo 7 O 24 •4H 2 O), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl 6 ), triethanolamine (TEOA), and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) with analytical grade were directly used in our work. The preparation of bulk g-C 3 N 4 (u-CNB) was according to our previous studies [22]. The u-CNB photocatalyst was facilely achieved as follows.…”

Non-Metal-Doped Porous Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Green Hydrogen Production

“…Table 6 summarizes diverse mono-heteroatoms including phosphorus [ 76 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 ], sulfur [ 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ], boron [ 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ], oxygen [ 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ], carbon [ 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 ], nitrogen [ 140 , 141 , …”

“…Thus, engineering the morphology of gCN nanostructures can benefit the separation and movement of photogenerated charge pairs, facilitate mass transfer, and offer more accessible active sites for catalytic reactions [ 6 , 28 , 100 , 101 ]. For instance, Zhu et al proposed a template-free synthesis of mesoporous phosphorus-doped g-C 3 N 4 nanoflowers (P-CN) with in-plane mesopores (3–18 nm) and open-up surface ( Figure 5 d) by co-condensation and thermolysis of a mixture with ME as g-C 3 N 4 precursor and (hydroxyethylidene) diphosphonic acid as phosphonic source [ 76 ].…”