On the toxicity of e-cigarettes consumption: Focus on pathological cellular mechanisms

Vivarelli, Fabio; Granata, Silvia; Rullo, Laura; Mussoni, Matilde; Candeletti, Sanzio; Romualdi, Patrizia; Fimognari, Carmela; Cruz‐Chamorro, Ivan; Carrillo‐Vico, Antonio; Paolini, Moreno; Canistro, Donatella

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106315

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Regarding their uses and applications as shown in Figure 6 , they can be used advantageously in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases of toxic, metabolic, infectious, or degenerative origin, in the promotion of anti-inflammatory activity, in diseases involving the cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, immune, integumentary, musculoskeletal, and respiratory systems, and in diseases concerning metabolic syndrome. Moreover, phytosomes might have a beneficial effect on electronic-cigarette smokers, since their use has been linked to an increase in redox stress/mitochondrial toxicity [ 107 ].…”

Section: Phytochemicals and Phytosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Nesci

Spagnoletta

Oppedisano

2023

IJMS

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Human diseases are characterized by the perpetuation of an inflammatory condition in which the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are quite high. Excessive ROS production leads to DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, conditions that lead to a worsening of inflammatory disorders. In particular, compromised mitochondria sustain a stressful condition in the cell, such that mitochondrial dysfunctions become pathogenic, causing human disorders related to inflammatory reactions. Indeed, the triggered inflammation loses its beneficial properties and turns harmful if dysregulation and dysfunctions are not addressed. Thus, reducing oxidative stress with ROS scavenger compounds has proven to be a successful approach to reducing inflammation. Among these, natural compounds, in particular, polyphenols, alkaloids and coenzyme Q10, thanks to their antioxidant properties, are capable of inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the expression of target genes, including those involved in inflammation. Even more, clinical trials, and in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of phytosomes, which are capable of increasing the bioavailability and effectiveness of natural compounds, and have long been considered an effective non-pharmacological therapy. Therefore, in this review, we wanted to highlight the relationship between inflammation, altered mitochondrial oxidative activity in pathological conditions, and the beneficial effects of phytosomes. To this end, a PubMed literature search was conducted with a focus on various in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2014 to 2022.

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Section: Phytochemicals and Phytosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Nesci

Spagnoletta

Oppedisano

2023

IJMS

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“…However, there are also numerous chemicals found in e-cigarettes that are not found in cigarettes, for which the effects of exposure remain unknown [ 38 ]. Furthermore, while the flavorings used in e-cigarettes are approved for oral consumption, they are not approved for inhalation, and when heated, some may undergo changes that could potentially make them more toxic [ 38 , 39 ]. Thus, e-cigarettes are contributing to an entirely new exposure population as more previously unexposed people have begun vaping.…”

Section: Current Knowledge On the Health Effects Of E-cigarette Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Use during Pregnancy: Is It Harmful?

Vilcassim

Stowe

Majumder

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Although combustible cigarette smoking rates have declined in recent years, alternative tobacco product use, particularly electronic cigarette use (“vaping”), has increased among young adults. Recent studies indicate that vaping during pregnancy is on the rise, possibly due to the perception that it is a safer alternative to combustible cigarette smoking. However, e-cigarette aerosols may contain several newer, potentially toxic compounds, including some known developmental toxicants that may adversely impact both the mother and the fetus. However, there is paucity of studies that have examined the effects of vaping during pregnancy. While the adverse perinatal outcomes of cigarette smoking during pregnancy are well established, the specific risks associated with inhaling vaping aerosols during pregnancy requires more research. In this article, we discuss the existing evidence and knowledge gaps on the risks of vaping during pregnancy. Studies that investigate vaping-associated systemic exposure and its effects (i.e., biomarker analyses) and maternal and neonatal clinical health outcomes are needed to reach more robust conclusions. We particularly emphasize the need to go beyond comparative studies with cigarettes, and advocate for research that objectively evaluates the safety of e-cigarettes and other alternative tobacco products.

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“…Multi-level campaigns to discourage this habit aim to prevent non-smokers from starting smoking and encourage active smokers to stop smoking [ 3 ], but most smoking-cessation attempts end in failure, with less than 10% of smokers successful for at least 12 months [ 4 ]. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDSs) give the possibility to inhale nicotine, maintaining the typical gestures associated with tobacco smoking, without the exposure to whole toxic combustion by-products, and it is little wonder that it has received great attention as a putative aid to stop smoking [ 5 ]. Although e-cigarette (e-cig) companies continually release innovative products onto the market, two main classes of these devices are identified: “liquid e-cigs” that include an atomizer that vaporizes a liquid composed of vegetable glycerin (VG), polypropylene glycol (PG), and nicotine with the possible addition of flavorings, and the “Heat-not-Burn systems” (HnB) or “Heated Tobacco Products” (HTPs) that heat tobacco sticks through contact with an electronic heating metal blade [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDSs) give the possibility to inhale nicotine, maintaining the typical gestures associated with tobacco smoking, without the exposure to whole toxic combustion by-products, and it is little wonder that it has received great attention as a putative aid to stop smoking [ 5 ]. Although e-cigarette (e-cig) companies continually release innovative products onto the market, two main classes of these devices are identified: “liquid e-cigs” that include an atomizer that vaporizes a liquid composed of vegetable glycerin (VG), polypropylene glycol (PG), and nicotine with the possible addition of flavorings, and the “Heat-not-Burn systems” (HnB) or “Heated Tobacco Products” (HTPs) that heat tobacco sticks through contact with an electronic heating metal blade [ 5 ]. Recent evidence showed that both liquid e-cigs and Heat-not-Burn systems release toxic compounds such as aldehydes, carbonyls, and free radicals mainly derived from the thermal degradation of VG and PG [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Aspects Associated with Consumption from Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS): Focus on Heavy Metals Exposure and Cancer Risk

Granata,

Vivarelli,

Morosini

et al. 2024

IJMS

Self Cite

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Tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDSs) are proposed as a tool for smoking cessation. In the last few years, a growing number of different types of ENDSs were launched onto the market. Despite the manufacturing differences, ENDSs can be classified as “liquid e-cigarettes” (e-cigs) equipped with an atomizer that vaporizes a liquid composed of vegetable glycerin (VG), polypropylene glycol (PG), and nicotine, with the possible addition of flavorings; otherwise, the “heated tobacco products” (HTPs) heat tobacco sticks through contact with an electronic heating metal element. The presence of some metals in the heating systems, as well as in solder joints, involves the possibility that heavy metal ions can move from these components to the liquid, or they can be adsorbed into the tobacco stick from the heating blade in the case of HTPs. Recent evidence has indicated the presence of heavy metals in the refill liquids and in the mainstream such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). The present review discusses the toxicological aspects associated with the exposition of heavy metals by consumption from ENDSs, focusing on metal carcinogenesis risk.

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On the toxicity of e-cigarettes consumption: Focus on pathological cellular mechanisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 129 publications

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Inflammation, Mitochondria and Natural Compounds Together in the Circle of Trust

Electronic Cigarette Use during Pregnancy: Is It Harmful?

Toxicological Aspects Associated with Consumption from Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS): Focus on Heavy Metals Exposure and Cancer Risk

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