On the Structural Differentiation of the Protozoa as seen in Microscopic Sections.

Moore, J. E. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1893.tb02491.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…2 A ). Under TEM, the distribution of vacuoles is consistent with our observation in light microscope and early histology studies, with a thin layer of periplasm (2–3

m) near the cortex enclosing a highly vacuolated endoplasm which spans through the entire organism ( 16 , 23 , 24 ) ( Fig. 2 B and SI Appendix , Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of Entangled Architecture Between Rer and Vac...supporting

confidence: 88%

Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell

Chang,

Prakash

2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cellular systems are known to exhibit some of the fastest movements in biology, but little is known as to how single cells can dissipate this energy rapidly and adapt to such large accelerations without disrupting internal architecture. To address this, we investigate Spirostomum ambiguum —a giant cell (1–4 mm in length) well-known to exhibit ultrafast contractions (50% of body length) within 5 ms with a peak acceleration of 15 g . Utilizing transmitted electron microscopy and confocal imaging, we identify an association of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and vacuoles throughout the cell—forming a contiguous fenestrated membrane architecture that topologically entangles these two organelles. A nearly uniform interorganelle spacing of 60 nm is observed between RER and vacuoles, closely packing the entire cell. Inspired by the entangled organelle structure, we study the mechanical properties of entangled deformable particles using a vertex-based model, with all simulation parameters matching 10 dimensionless numbers to ensure dynamic similarity. We demonstrate how entangled deformable particles respond to external loads by an increased viscosity against squeezing and help preserve spatial relationships. Because this enhanced damping arises from the entanglement of two networks incurring a strain-induced jamming transition at subcritical volume fractions, which is demonstrated through the spatial correlation of velocity direction, we term this phenomenon “topological damping.” Our findings suggest a mechanical role of RER-vacuolar meshwork as a metamaterial capable of damping an ultrafast contraction event.

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“…2 A ). Under TEM, the distribution of vacuoles is consistent with our observation in light microscope and early histology studies, with a thin layer of periplasm (2–3

m) near the cortex enclosing a highly vacuolated endoplasm which spans through the entire organism ( 16 , 23 , 24 ) ( Fig. 2 B and SI Appendix , Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of Entangled Architecture Between Rer and Vac...supporting

confidence: 88%

Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell

Chang,

Prakash

2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…To our surprise, we discovered a fenestrated-cubic membrane-like topology of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which is closely wrapping around the vacuolar meshwork. (Figure 2A) Under TEM, the distribution of vacuoles is consistent with our observation in light microscope and early histology studies, with a thin layer of periplasm (2-3 μ m) near the cortex enclosing a highly vacuolated endoplasm which spans through the entire organism 19,31,32 (Figure 2B, Supplementary Figure S1). The intimate wrapping relationship we describe here between RER and vacuoles is preserved in both relaxed and contracted organisms(Figure 2A).…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell

Chang

Prakash

2021

Preprint

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Cellular systems are known to exhibit some of the fastest movements in the biological world 1–3 - but little is known as to how single cells can dissipate this energy rapidly and adapt to such large accelerations without sub-cellular damage. To study intracellular adaptations under extreme forces - we investigate Spirostomum ambiguum - a giant cell (1-4mm in length) well known to exhibit ultrafast contractions (50% of body length) within 5 msec with a peak acceleration of 15g. 2,4 Utilizing transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal imaging, we discover a novel association of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and vacuoles throughout the cell - forming a contiguous fenestrated cubic membrane architecture that topologically entangles these two organelles. A nearly uniform inter-organelle spacing of 60nm is observed between RER and vacuoles, closely packing the entire cell. Using an overdamped molecular dynamics simulation, 5 we demonstrate how this unique entangled metamaterial responds to external loads by rapidly dissipating energy and helps preserve spatial relationships between organelles. Because this dynamics arises primarily from entanglement of two networks incurring jamming transition at a subcritical volume fraction 6 - we term this phenomena ”topological damping”. Our findings suggest a new mechanical role of RER-vacuolar meshwork as a metamaterial capable of dissipating energy in an ultra-fast contraction event.

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Ueber das Verhalten der Kerne bei der Conjugation des Infusors Colpidium colpoda St.

Hoyer¹

1899

Archiv f. mikrosk. Anat.

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On the Structural Differentiation of the Protozoa as seen in Microscopic Sections.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell

Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell

Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell

Ueber das Verhalten der Kerne bei der Conjugation des Infusors Colpidium colpoda St.

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