On the significance of cholecystokinin receptors in panic disorder

The Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Bases of the Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect

“…The results obtained in humans on opioid potentiation by proglumide (Price et al, 1985;Lavigne et al, 1989;Benedetti et al, 1995;Benedetti, 1996) are in keeping with the potentiation of morphine analgesia by the CCK-A antagonist devazepide in the rat (Dourish et al, 1988) and with the results obtained in animal studies using CCK-B antagonists (Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al, 1990;Maldonado et al, 1993;Valverde et al, 1994;Xu et al, 1994;Andre et al, 2005). Proglumide has also been reported to block the anxiogenic effects of the tetrapeptide CCK-4 and caerulein, a CCK-8 agonist, indicating an anti-CCK action in the CNS at the level of affective mechanisms (Harro et al, 1990;Harro and Vasar, 1991;Van Megen et al, 1994).…”

The Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Bases of the Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect

“…The results obtained in humans on opioid potentiation by proglumide (Price et al, 1985;Lavigne et al, 1989;Benedetti et al, 1995;Benedetti, 1996) are in keeping with the potentiation of morphine analgesia by the CCK-A antagonist devazepide in the rat (Dourish et al, 1988) and with the results obtained in animal studies using CCK-B antagonists (Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al, 1990;Maldonado et al, 1993;Valverde et al, 1994;Xu et al, 1994;Andre et al, 2005). Proglumide has also been reported to block the anxiogenic effects of the tetrapeptide CCK-4 and caerulein, a CCK-8 agonist, indicating an anti-CCK action in the CNS at the level of affective mechanisms (Harro et al, 1990;Harro and Vasar, 1991;Van Megen et al, 1994).…”

The Mouse Defense Test Battery: An experimental model of different emotional states.

“…However, there is general agreement that a range of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MA0 inhibitors), the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam, and some other high-potency BZPs (e.g., clonazepam) are effective against PD (Burrows, Judd, & Norman, 1993;Priest, Gimbrett, Roberts, & Steinert, 1995). In addition, clinical and basic studies support the involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in PD (Bradwejn, Koszycki, Couetoux du Tertre, & Bourin, 1992; Van Megen, Den Boer, & Westenberg, 1994). By contrast, drugs used against GAD, such as the traditional BZP receptor full agonists (e.g., chlordiazepoxide or diazepam) and the serotonin receptor agonist buspirone, are of minimal utility in the treatment of PD (Johnson, Lydiard, & Ballenger, 1995;Klein, 1995;Lader, 1994;Roy Byme, Wingerson, Cowley, & Dager, 1993).…”

The Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Bases of the Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect

“…The results obtained in humans on opioid potentiation by proglumide (Price et al, 1985;Lavigne et al, 1989;Benedetti et al, 1995;Benedetti, 1996) are in keeping with the potentiation of morphine analgesia by the CCK-A antagonist devazepide in the rat (Dourish et al, 1988) and with the results obtained in animal studies using CCK-B antagonists (Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al, 1990;Maldonado et al, 1993;Valverde et al, 1994;Xu et al, 1994;Andre et al, 2005). Proglumide has also been reported to block the anxiogenic effects of the tetrapeptide CCK-4 and caerulein, a CCK-8 agonist, indicating an anti-CCK action in the CNS at the level of affective mechanisms (Harro et al, 1990;Harro and Vasar, 1991;Van Megen et al, 1994).…”

The Mouse Defense Test Battery: An experimental model of different emotional states.

“…However, there is general agreement that a range of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MA0 inhibitors), the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam, and some other high-potency BZPs (e.g., clonazepam) are effective against PD (Burrows, Judd, & Norman, 1993;Priest, Gimbrett, Roberts, & Steinert, 1995). In addition, clinical and basic studies support the involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in PD (Bradwejn, Koszycki, Couetoux du Tertre, & Bourin, 1992; Van Megen, Den Boer, & Westenberg, 1994). By contrast, drugs used against GAD, such as the traditional BZP receptor full agonists (e.g., chlordiazepoxide or diazepam) and the serotonin receptor agonist buspirone, are of minimal utility in the treatment of PD (Johnson, Lydiard, & Ballenger, 1995;Klein, 1995;Lader, 1994;Roy Byme, Wingerson, Cowley, & Dager, 1993).…”

The Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Bases of the Hyperalgesic Nocebo Effect

“…The results obtained in humans on opioid potentiation by proglumide (Price et al, 1985;Lavigne et al, 1989;Benedetti et al, 1995;Benedetti, 1996) are in keeping with the potentiation of morphine analgesia by the CCK-A antagonist devazepide in the rat (Dourish et al, 1988) and with the results obtained in animal studies using CCK-B antagonists (Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al, 1990;Maldonado et al, 1993;Valverde et al, 1994;Xu et al, 1994;Andre et al, 2005). Proglumide has also been reported to block the anxiogenic effects of the tetrapeptide CCK-4 and caerulein, a CCK-8 agonist, indicating an anti-CCK action in the CNS at the level of affective mechanisms (Harro et al, 1990;Harro and Vasar, 1991;Van Megen et al, 1994).…”

The Mouse Defense Test Battery: An experimental model of different emotional states.

“…However, there is general agreement that a range of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MA0 inhibitors), the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam, and some other high-potency BZPs (e.g., clonazepam) are effective against PD (Burrows, Judd, & Norman, 1993;Priest, Gimbrett, Roberts, & Steinert, 1995). In addition, clinical and basic studies support the involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in PD (Bradwejn, Koszycki, Couetoux du Tertre, & Bourin, 1992; Van Megen, Den Boer, & Westenberg, 1994). By contrast, drugs used against GAD, such as the traditional BZP receptor full agonists (e.g., chlordiazepoxide or diazepam) and the serotonin receptor agonist buspirone, are of minimal utility in the treatment of PD (Johnson, Lydiard, & Ballenger, 1995;Klein, 1995;Lader, 1994;Roy Byme, Wingerson, Cowley, & Dager, 1993).…”