On the shapes of liquid-lead inclusions in aluminium

McCormick, M.; Evans, E.B.; Erb, U.

doi:10.1080/01418618608242818

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To resolve the discrepancy between the observations of Thackery and Nelson [6] and McLean [7], McCormick et al [9] compared Pb inclusions quenched from 610 and 410°C by ex-situ transmission electron microscopy. Their results confirmed both observations in that particles smaller than about 0.4µm (like those of Thackery and Nelson) were faceted whereas larger particles (like those of McLean) were more rounded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium shape and interface roughening of small liquid Pb inclusions in solid Al

et al. 2001

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The shape of liquid Pb inclusions embedded in a solid Al matrix was investigated at temperatures between 300 and 500°C using in-situ electron microscopy. Inclusion shapes in the size range from a few nanometers to about 150 nanometers were found to depend on size, temperature and thermal history. During isothermal annealing after melting, small inclusions rounded off while larger inclusions remained faceted until the temperature was raised to about 500°C. During subsequent cooling, inclusions refaceted, although less strongly than during heating. The shape hysteresis between heating and cooling cycles was found to be due to the barrier of ledge nucleation necessary to advance the faceted interfaces. It is shown that this kinetic barrier can explain the observed dependence on size and temperature, and that the {111} interface undergoes a roughening transition at about 550°C. Even under conditions of kinetic limitation it was possible to measure local equilibrium by modeling kinetically limited inclusions as a droplet in a crevice. For this type of measurement, the hysteresis between heating and cooling cycles disappeared, and the true equilibrium shape could be derived. The anisotropy of interfacial energy was shown to be significantly smaller than previously reported, and at about 2 %, similar to the anisotropy of the surface energy for fcc metals.From the width of facets on the equilibrium shape, the step energy was determined to be at 350°C. ε = 1.9⋅10 -11 J / m 1 9/29/00

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium shape and interface roughening of small liquid Pb inclusions in solid Al

et al. 2001

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“…On the other hand, McLean (1973) found that 25-75 pm sized Pb particles in A1 were spherical at room temperature after extended annealing at 600 °C. To try to resolve this apparent disagreement, McCormick et al (1986) heat treated 0.1-1 pm sized Pb particles in Al at both 400 and 600 °C, and found after cooling to room temperature that Pb particles smaller than 0.5 pm were faceted on {111}A 1 and {100}A1, whereas Pb particles larger than 0.5 pm were spherical. McCormick et al interpreted these results together with those of Thackery & Nelson (1969) and McLean (1973) as demonstrating a size dependence for the equilibrium shape of liquid Pb particles in Al.…”

Section: Moore Et Ajplatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small Pb particles equilibrate quickly to form facets during cooling and solidification, even when the temperature changes rapidly, but large Pb particle cannot respond so readily. The apparent size dependence of Pb particle shape described by McCormick et al (1986) almost certainly arises from different rates of equilibration for small and large Pb particles during annealing and subsequent quenching to room temperature.…”

Section: Moore Et Ajplatementioning

confidence: 99%

In situ transmission electron microscope measurements of solid Al-solid Pb and solid Al-liquid Pb surface-energy anisotropy in rapidly solidified Al-5% Pb (by mass)

Moore

Chattopadhyay

Cantor

1987

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A

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Alloys of Al-5% Pb and Al-5% Pb-0.5% Si (by mass) have been manufactured by rapid solidification and then examined by transmission electron microscopy. The rapidly solidified alloy microstructures consist of 5-60 nm Pb particles embedded in an Al matrix. The Pb particles have a cube-cube orientation relation with the Al matrix, and are cub-octahedral in shape, bounded by {100} Al, Pb and {111} Al, Pb facets. The equilibrium Pb particle shape and therefore the anisotropy of solid Al-solid Pb and solid Al-liquid Pb surface energies have been monitored by in situ heating in the transmission electron microscope over the temperature range between room temperature and 550°C. The anisotropy of solid Al-solid Pb surface energy is constant between room temperature and the Pb melting point, with a {100} Al, Pb surface energy about 14% greater than the {111} Al, Pb surface energy, in good agreement with geometric near-neighbour bond energy calculations. The {100} AI, Pb facet disappears when the Pb particles melt, and the anisotropy of solid Al-liquid Pb surface energy decreases gradually with increasing temperature above the Pb melting point, until the Pb particles become spherical at about 550°C.

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Effect of temperature on preferred orientation of FCC metals on amorphous silica

McCafferty

Soper

Cheung

et al. 1992

Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia

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On the shapes of liquid-lead inclusions in aluminium

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Equilibrium shape and interface roughening of small liquid Pb inclusions in solid Al

Equilibrium shape and interface roughening of small liquid Pb inclusions in solid Al

In situ transmission electron microscope measurements of solid Al-solid Pb and solid Al-liquid Pb surface-energy anisotropy in rapidly solidified Al-5% Pb (by mass)

Effect of temperature on preferred orientation of FCC metals on amorphous silica

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