On the production of an aqueous colloidal solution of fullerenes

Structural Features of Highly Stable Reproducible C60Fullerene Aqueous Colloid Solution Probed by Various Techniques

“…It should be noted th a t the m ethod for obtaining aqueous colloid solu tion o f C 60 fullerene was first proposed by A ndrievsky et al (23), however, the procedure outlined in the cited paper was no t reproducible. W ater soluble C 6o fullerene prepared from toluene is know n in literature as nano-C 60 (9, 10).…”

Solubilization of fullerene C60 in micellar solutions of different solubilizers

“…Each stable suspension of fullerene was prepared by solvent exchange process with toluene and water [13]. 1 mL of toluene solution containing 55 nmol of C 60 (50 L of fullerene stock solution) was added to 2 mL of water, and the mixture was sonicated for approximately 5 h until the evaporation of toluene was complete.…”

“…Scrivens and Tour dissolved C 60 in benzene, diluted it with tetrahydrofuran (THF), then with acetone, and finally with water [12]. One of the ways to obtain stable suspensions of C 60 is to sonicate a mixture of a toluene/water solution of fullerene, several hours using ultrasonic bath, until toluene is completely evaporated [13][14][15]. Deguchi et al obtained stable dispersions of fullerene as fine clusters only using THF and water.…”

“…The biological activities of fullerenes are considerably influenced by their chemical modifications and light treatment [11][12][13][14][15]. The most relevant feature of fullerene C 60 is the ability to act as a free radical scavenger [16].…”

Pristine (C60) and Hydroxylated [C60(OH)24] Fullerene Phototoxicity towards HaCaT Keratinocytes: Type I vs Type II Mechanisms

“…To overcome this, a C 60 water suspension can be prepared by means of solvent replacement (20,21), sonication (22), addition of artificial/natural surfactants (23)(24)(25)(26), or simply by stirring over time (27); these procedures result in the formation of water-stable C 60 aggregates. However, our previous studies (10), as well as some recent reports, have demonstrated a marked decrease or complete loss of photoreactivity of the aggregated forms (8,27).…”