2010
DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.1100.1222
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On the Number of State Variables in Options Pricing

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the methodological issue of determining the number of state variables required for options pricing. After showing the inadequacy of the principal component analysis approach, which is commonly used in the literature, we adopt a nonparametric regression technique with nonlinear principal components extracted from the implied volatilities of various moneyness and maturities as proxies for the transformed state variables. The methodology is applied to the prices of S& P 500 index opt… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…They also find that the estimated variance factors can be identified as a strongly mean-reverting shortterm variance factor and a slowly mean-reverting long-term factor. In addition, Li and Zhang (2010) use a non-parametric approach to analyze the index option dataset and verify the conclusion in Christoffersen et al (2009). They find that one needs to use at least two factors in order to sufficiently capture the dynamics of implied volatility in both the time-series and cross-sectional dimensions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…They also find that the estimated variance factors can be identified as a strongly mean-reverting shortterm variance factor and a slowly mean-reverting long-term factor. In addition, Li and Zhang (2010) use a non-parametric approach to analyze the index option dataset and verify the conclusion in Christoffersen et al (2009). They find that one needs to use at least two factors in order to sufficiently capture the dynamics of implied volatility in both the time-series and cross-sectional dimensions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…For instance, Li and Zhang (2010), using nonlinear principal components analysis, find that two factors are needed to explain the variation in the IV surface. Christoffersen, Jacobs, Ornthanalai, and Wang (2008) employ a modified version of the two-factor component GARCH in Engle and Lee (1999) for options pricing in discrete-time, while Bates (2000) proposes a two-factor jump-diffusion model to fit the implicit distribution in futures options.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…following Li and Zhang (2010) to determine the improvement in performance after adding the second PC.…”
Section: Non-parametric Estimationmentioning
confidence: 99%