On the development of microstructures and residual stresses during laser cladding and post-heat treatments

Chen, Jianyin; Wang, Sheng-Hui; Xue, Lijue

doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5854-4

Cited by 71 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Unfortunately, this cannot be avoided as this step is critical to the following aging heat treatment, which restores the strength in the HAZ. Typical stress relief heat treatments lower residual stresses; however, they are typically conducted at low homologous temperatures and do not involve quenching after heating [22].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into Heat Treatment and Residual Stress in Laser Clad AA7075 Powder on AA7075 Substrate

Cottam

Luzin

Liu

et al. 2013

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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The laser cladding of AA7075 powder onto a AA7075 substrate was conducted to evaluate the effect of heat treatment and to measure residual stress between the clad layer and substrate to better understand the effect of laser cladding. The microstructure formed in the clad region was characteristic of a high cooling rate, which is typical for laser cladding. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) showed coarser precipitates when compared with the substrate and was attributed to the heating from the laser. A solution heat treatment followed by aging was employed to restore the strength in the HAZ. Nanohardness traverses of the clad and substrate was performed and it was shown the hardness in the 7075 clad layer was lower than the substrate both pre-and post-heat treatment and was attributed to the vaporization of zinc and magnesium. Neutron diffraction was employed to measure the residual stress both before and after heat treatment. The residual stresses formed in the clad layer were tensile and about 50 MPa in magnitude; heat treatment increased the stress level to approximately 100 MPa.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into Heat Treatment and Residual Stress in Laser Clad AA7075 Powder on AA7075 Substrate

Cottam

Luzin

Liu

et al. 2013

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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“…These elements include: aluminum, boron, carbon, chromium, cobalt, hafnium, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, rhenium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, and zirconium [15]. A broad range of superalloys has been evaluated for LMD including Alloy-625 [13,[16][17][18][19][20], Alloy-718 [6,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], Alloy-738 [12,32], CMSX4 [33][34][35], Rene41 [36,37] and Waspaloy [10,38]. There are some parameters of particular importance to LMD, as listed in Table 1, to have a controlled deposition.…”

Section: Materials Characteristics and Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Laser Deposited Superalloys Using Powder as an Additive

Segerstark¹,

Andersson²,

Svensson³

2014

8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives (2014)

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In this paper laser metal deposition (LMD) with blown powder was reviewed with respect to the material behavior of nickel and nickel-iron based superalloys. The key benefits of LMD are claimed to be increased design freedom of components as well as reduced environmental impact since it enables near net shape manufacturing. This review considers the LMD processing parameters such as laser power, powder feed rate, spot size, standoff distance, and traverse speed, together with aspects related to the powder e.g. morphology, porosity, inclusion and satellite content. Special emphasis was put on how these parameters affect the deposit and substrate in terms of cracking, porosity, inclusions, phase transformations, and other material related phenomena. A characteristic microstructure of LMD deposited superalloys has a columnar dendrite growth in the vertical build up direction. The grain growth can however be manipulated, making it more equiaxed by, for instance, altering process parameters and/or scanning path. Residual stresses in LMD samples are unevenly distributed and large residual tensile stresses can be found at the surface of the deposit while large compressive stresses are located close to the substrate in the core of the deposit. One of the most important parameter is considered to be the specific energy input which largely influences the m elt pool during deposition which in turn can be related to the microstructure, residual stress and, process related defects such as porosity, cracking, lack of fusion and, dilution.

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“…Therefore, the aim of this contribution is to describe the effects of annealing on the real structure and microstructure of laser cladded AISI H13 tool steel using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine real structure and residual stresses (RS), instrumented indentation (nanoindentation) technique and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). During the laser cladding, rapid cooling and thus the formation of brittle martensitic microstructure could occur [3]. Hence, it is important to observe the effect of annealing on the real structure and microstructure which subsequently influences the properties of the newly created surface of dies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing on the Real Structure and Microstructure of Advanced Laser Processed Aisi H13 Tool Steel

Trojan

Ocelík

Ganev

et al. 2018

APP

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Abstract. The aim of this paper is to describe the effects of annealing on the microstructure of laser cladded AISI H13 tool steel using various methods. Advanced laser technology has the potential to replace conventional methods to make and repair dies. However, it has to be determined whether the newly created surface still needs to be heat-treated, which would cause additional repair costs. No significant effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and real structure of the clads was detected, but further confirmation, in particular by measuring wear resistance, is needed.

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On the development of microstructures and residual stresses during laser cladding and post-heat treatments

Cited by 71 publications

References 34 publications

Investigation into Heat Treatment and Residual Stress in Laser Clad AA7075 Powder on AA7075 Substrate

Investigation into Heat Treatment and Residual Stress in Laser Clad AA7075 Powder on AA7075 Substrate

Review of Laser Deposited Superalloys Using Powder as an Additive

Effect of Annealing on the Real Structure and Microstructure of Advanced Laser Processed Aisi H13 Tool Steel

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