On the Constitution and Transformation of<scp>P</scp>hilistine Identity

Maeir, Aren M.; Hitchcock, Louise A.; Horwitz, Liora Kolska

doi:10.1111/ojoa.12000

Cited by 63 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The Philistines are the best-known and most studied group among these peoples. They established themselves mainly in urban centres in the southern coastal plain, such as Gath (Tell es-Safi), Tel Miqne-Ekron and Ashkelon (e.g 30313345…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancient DNA and Population Turnover in Southern Levantine Pigs- Signature of the Sea Peoples Migration?

Meiri

Huchon

Bar-Oz

et al. 2013

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Near Eastern wild boars possess a characteristic DNA signature. Unexpectedly, wild boars from Israel have the DNA sequences of European wild boars and domestic pigs. To understand how this anomaly evolved, we sequenced DNA from ancient and modern pigs from Israel. Pigs from Late Bronze Age (until ca. 1150 BCE) in Israel shared haplotypes of modern and ancient Near Eastern pigs. European haplotypes became dominant only during the Iron Age (ca. 900 BCE). This raises the possibility that European pigs were brought to the region by the Sea Peoples who migrated to the Levant at that time. Then, a complete genetic turnover took place, most likely because of repeated admixture between local and introduced European domestic pigs that went feral. Severe population bottlenecks likely accelerated this process. Introductions by humans have strongly affected the phylogeography of wild animals, and interpretations of phylogeography based on modern DNA alone should be taken with caution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2000 BCE–1550 BCE); Iron I (ca. 1150-800 BCE) faunal assemblages in Philistia (the southern coastal plain) (e.g 232829302327.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ancient DNA and Population Turnover in Southern Levantine Pigs- Signature of the Sea Peoples Migration?

Meiri

Huchon

Bar-Oz

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…Thus, the economies of these sites may be viewed as complementary to each other(Sapir-Hen et al 2014). Trading between Beth Shemesh and Philistine sites is also evident in the pottery assemblages (Bunimovitz and Lederman 2011).At the end of the Iron Age, Philistine sites-though not all the urban centers-show a decline in pork consumption(Lev-Tov 2010;Hesse et al 2012; see discussion regarding Tell es-Safi/Gath in Lev-Tov 2012;Maeir et al 2013)…”

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confidence: 93%

Iron Age Pigs: New Evidence on Their Origin and Role in Forming Identity Boundaries

2015

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This article reviews recent studies of pigs in the Iron Age in the southern Levant. The studies were carried out as part of the European Research Council-funded Ancient Israel project, with the aim of examining questions of identity and ethnic boundaries, with special emphasis on Philistia and ancient Israel. On the Philistine side, the results show a dichotomy in pork consumption between urban centers and the rural sector, and suggest that European domestic pigs were brought to the Levant by the Sea Peoples, most probably to secure the supply of meat. Reviewed with previous evidence, we suggest that economic motivation was the driving force for pork consumption and abandonment. Regarding ancient Israel, new studies show that avoiding pork was a widespread phenomenon of much of the Iron Age in both the highland and the lowlands outside of Philistia. They also point to a rise in pork consumption in lowlands sites of the Northern Kingdom in the Iron IIB and suggest a link between this phenomenon and the early consolidation of the taboo on pigs in Judah in late-monarchic times.

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“…Based on the low concentrations of phytoliths and presence of anthropogenic ash, we associated the bowl context to post-Stratum A6, although the bowl is located in the same elevation as Stratum A6. Stratum A6, being the first layer containing Iron IA pottery after the Late Bronze layers, is dated to the twelfth century BCE (Maeir, Hitchcock, and Horwitz 2013). The pottery of Stratum A5 and Stratum A6 are similar, and thus we date the context of the bowl to the same period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An ivory bowl from Early Iron Age Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel): manufacture, meaning and memory

et al. 2015

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In 2013, an ivory bowl was discovered in a chalky matrix in the Early Iron Age (Philistine) levels in Area A at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Conservation revealed it to be a shallow vessel with a single lug handle, decorated in the interior and on the base with an incised twelve-petal lotus-rosette surrounded by five concentric circles. Applying an object biography approach, we investigate the history and far-flung socio-cultural connections of the Tell es-Safi/Gath bowl, which is unique within Philistia. Specific reference is made to parallels in the ivory hoard from the Late Bronze/Iron Age transition (c. late twelfth century/early eleventh century BCE) palace at Megiddo, Stratum VIIA. It is proposed that the Tell es-Safi/Gath bowl was one of a set manufactured somewhere in Canaan. The vessel became separated from the set, ending up as a foundation offering at this Philistine site.

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On the Constitution and Transformation ofPhilistine Identity

Cited by 63 publications

References 80 publications

Ancient DNA and Population Turnover in Southern Levantine Pigs- Signature of the Sea Peoples Migration?

Ancient DNA and Population Turnover in Southern Levantine Pigs- Signature of the Sea Peoples Migration?

Iron Age Pigs: New Evidence on Their Origin and Role in Forming Identity Boundaries

An ivory bowl from Early Iron Age Tell es-Safi/Gath (Israel): manufacture, meaning and memory

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