On the conflicting roles of ionizing radiation in ceramics

Zinkle, S.J.; Skuratov, V.A.; Hoelzer, David T.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(02)00648-1

Cited by 170 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…1). Formation of damaged tracks in SiN upon Bi irradiation has been previously confirmed by TEM studies (36). We found that the damaged tracks in SiN films could be chemically developed to nanopores of specific shapes, depending on the etchant and etching arrangement used.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Versatile ultrathin nanoporous silicon nitride membranes

Vlassiouk

Apel

Dmitriev

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

144

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Single-and multiple-nanopore membranes are both highly interesting for biosensing and separation processes, as well as their ability to mimic biological membranes. The density of pores, their shape, and their surface chemistry are the key factors that determine membrane transport and separation capabilities. Here, we report silicon nitride (SiN) membranes with fully controlled porosity, pore geometry, and pore surface chemistry. An ultrathin freestanding SiN platform is described with conical or doubleconical nanopores of diameters as small as several nanometers, prepared by the track-etching technique. This technique allows the membrane porosity to be tuned from one to billions of pores per square centimeter. We demonstrate the separation capabilities of these membranes by discrimination of dye and protein molecules based on their charge and size. This separation process is based on an electrostatic mechanism and operates in physiological electrolyte conditions. As we have also shown, the separation capabilities can be tuned by chemically modifying the pore walls. Compared with typical membranes with cylindrical pores, the conical and double-conical pores reported here allow for higher fluxes, a critical advantage in separation applications. In addition, the conical pore shape results in a shorter effective length, which gives advantages for single biomolecule detection applications such as nanopore-based DNA analysis.ion track-etching ͉ nanofluidics ͉ filtration ͉ SiN

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Versatile ultrathin nanoporous silicon nitride membranes

Vlassiouk

Apel

Dmitriev

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…High temperatures, as encountered in the centre of nuclear fuel pellets, can alter the kinetics of radiation-induced defect production, such that materials that are tolerant of radiation in one temperature regime can be less so in others 9 . Moreover, materials tolerant of low-energy radiation, which produces damage through atomic displacement caused by elastic collisions with nuclei, are not necessarily resistant to high-energy radiation, which deposits energy in a material primarily through the excitation of electrons 10,11 . The effects of highly ionizing radiation are generally less well understood than those of displacive radiation, but fission fragments, which fall into this high-energy regime, are known to significantly degrade the performance of nuclear fuels 12 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ThO 2 , a proposed nuclear fuel component used for the breeding of uranium, cannot be reduced, while the cerium in the actinide analogue CeO 2 is easily reduced from the tetravalent state to the trivalent state, similar to the behaviour of UO 2 and PuO 2 . Finally, UO 3 and its room-temperature hydration products, (UO 2 )(OH) 2 (a-uranyl hydroxide) and (UO 2 ) 8 O 2 (OH) 12 (H 2 O) 10 (metaschoepite), feature hexavalent uranium that can be reduced multiple steps to the tetravalent oxidation state 23 . They are common oxidation/hydrolysis products of the nuclear fuel UO 2 and are produced by fuelcoolant interactions and groundwater exposure of fuel 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox response of actinide materials to highly ionizing radiation

et al. 2015

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Energetic radiation can cause dramatic changes in the physical and chemical properties of actinide materials, degrading their performance in fission-based energy systems. As advanced nuclear fuels and wasteforms are developed, fundamental understanding of the processes controlling radiation damage accumulation is necessary. Here we report oxidation state reduction of actinide and analogue elements caused by high-energy, heavy ion irradiation and demonstrate coupling of this redox behaviour with structural modifications. ThO 2 , in which thorium is stable only in a tetravalent state, exhibits damage accumulation processes distinct from those of multivalent cation compounds CeO 2 (Ce 3 þ and Ce 4 þ ) and UO 3 (U 4 þ , U 5 þ and U 6 þ ). The radiation tolerance of these materials depends on the efficiency of this redox reaction, such that damage can be inhibited by altering grain size and cation valence variability. Thus, the redox behaviour of actinide materials is important for the design of nuclear fuels and the prediction of their performance.

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“…1a-c. Other factors related to the irradiation spectrum may also be important. It is well established that electronic effects, introduced when the ion energies are relatively high, can significantly alter the amorphization susceptibility of complex oxides 14 . Further, in perovskites, it has been demonstrated that while heavy ions such as Xe can quickly amorphize the material even at room temperature, irradiations with lighter Ne ions do not induce amorphization by similar doses even at 20 K 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Irradiation Spectrum Effects in Pyrochlores

Uberuaga

Jiang

Stanek

et al. 2014

JOM

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The formation energy of cation antisites in pyrochlores (A2B2O7) has been correlated with the susceptibility to amorphize under irradation. Thus, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of antisite energetics can provide insights into the radiation tolerance of pyrochlores. Here, we show that the formation energy of antisite pairs in titanate pyrochlores, as opposed to other families of pyrochlores (A=Zr, Hf, or Sn), exhibit a strong dependence on the separation distance between the antisites. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in Er2Ti2O7 show that the average separation of antisite pairs is a function of the primary knock-on atom energy that creates the collision cascades. Together, these results suggest that the radiation tolerance of titanate pyrochlores may be sensitive to the irradiation conditions and might be controllable via the appropriate selection of ion beam parameters.

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On the conflicting roles of ionizing radiation in ceramics

Cited by 170 publications

References 45 publications

Versatile ultrathin nanoporous silicon nitride membranes

Versatile ultrathin nanoporous silicon nitride membranes

Redox response of actinide materials to highly ionizing radiation

Prediction of Irradiation Spectrum Effects in Pyrochlores

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