On the Classification of Low Voltage Feeders for Network Planning and Hosting Capacity Studies

Bletterie, Benoît; Kadam, Serdar; Renner, Herwig

doi:10.3390/en11030651

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As an example, for the use case, we developed and demonstrated in this work, the business model in general is "monitoring wide area of distribution grid", and, as a detailed view, it can "monitor system normal state violations or operation interruptions and report to regulator". Wide area monitoring is the basis for many other use cases like Fault Detection, Isolation, Restoration (FDIR) [43] or Volt/VAr control [44]. For the security, some of the following regulations, as examples, are required: NERC CIP [45], BDEW White Paper [46] and ISO 27001/02/19 (Information Security Management) [47].…”

Section: Business Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

A SGAM-Based Test Platform to Develop a Scheme for Wide Area Measurement-Free Monitoring of Smart Grids under High PV Penetration

et al. 2019

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In order to systematically shift existing control and management paradigms in distribution systems to new interoperable communication supported schemes in smart grids, we need to map newly developed use cases to standard reference models like Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM). From the other side, any new use cases should be tested and validated ex-ante before being deployed in the real-world system. Considering various types of actors in smart grids, use cases are usually tested using co-simulation platforms. Currently, there is no efficient co-simulation platform which supports interoperability analysis based on SGAM. In this paper, we present our developed test platform which offers a support to design new use cases based on SGAM. We used this platform to develop a new scheme for wide area monitoring of existing distribution systems under growing penetration of Photovoltaic production. Off-the-shelf solutions of state estimation for wide area monitoring are either used for passive distribution grids or applied to the active networks with wide measurement of distributed generators. Our proposed distribution state estimation algorithm does not require wide area measurements and relies on the data provided by a PV simulator we developed. This practical scheme is tested experimentally on a realistic urban distribution grid. The monitoring results shows a very low error rate of about 1 % by using our PV simulator under high penetration of PV with about 30 % error of load forecast. Using our SGAM-based platform, we could propose and examine an Internet-of-Things-based infrastructure to deploy the use case.

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Section: Business Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

A SGAM-Based Test Platform to Develop a Scheme for Wide Area Measurement-Free Monitoring of Smart Grids under High PV Penetration

et al. 2019

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“…Finally, the grid is split into 22.000 sub grids which are assigned to the 11 categories. Similarly, Bletterie et al [29] predict the hosting capacity constraint (voltage or current) of low voltage feeders based on a large network data set applying a machine-learning approach and k-means analysis. The grid data set was provided by a rural Austrian grid operator.…”

Section: Previous Research In Clustering or Classification Of Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the DENA study dates back to 2012, and is not topical concerning the infrastructural data basis anymore. Moreover, the other researched studies [10,28,29] suggest that further parameters, beyond surface and population, e.g., PV and wind feed in and electricity demand could be of relevance to grid design, which are not considered by DENA.…”

Section: Previous Research In Clustering or Classification Of Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Analysis of Distribution Grids in Baden-Württemberg

Rösch

Treffinger

2019

Energies

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With the growing share of renewable energies in the electricity supply, transmission and distribution grids have to be adapted. A profound understanding of the structural characteristics of distribution grids is essential to define suitable strategies for grid expansion. Many countries have a large number of distribution system operators (DSOs) whose standards vary widely, which contributes to coordination problems during peak load hours. This study contributes to targeted distribution grid development by classifying DSOs according to their remuneration requirement. To examine the amendment potential, structural and grid development data from 109 distribution grids in South-Western Germany, are collected, referring to publications of the respective DSOs. The resulting data base is assessed statistically to identify clusters of DSOs according to the fit of demographic requirements and grid-construction status and thus identify development needs to enable a broader use of regenerative energy resources. Three alternative algorithms are explored to manage this task. The study finds the novel Gauss-Newton algorithm optimal to analyse the fit of grid conditions to regional requirements and successfully identifies grids with remuneration needs. It is superior to the so far used K-Means algorithm. The method developed here is transferable to other areas for grid analysis and targeted, cost-efficient development.

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“…Low voltage (LV) feeders can be classified into voltage-and current-constrained feeders [9]. Long overhead line feeders in rural areas tend to be voltage-constrained, while short cable feeders in urban areas tend to be current-constrained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders

Schultis¹

2019

Energies

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The PV hosting capacity of low voltage feeders is restricted by voltage and current limits, and in many cases, voltage limit violations are the limiting factor for photovoltaic integration. To control the voltage, local Volt/var control strategies absorb or inject reactive power, provoking an additional current. This study analyzes the hosting capacity increase potential and the associated additional grid losses of local cosφ(P)- and Q(U)-control of photovoltaic inverters, and of local L(U)-control of inductive devices and its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers. Therefore, four theoretical and one real low voltage test-feeders with distinct structures are considered: long overhead line, short overhead line, long cable, short cable and branched cable. While the theoretical test-feeders host homogeneously distributed PV-plants, the real one hosts heterogeneously distributed PV-plants. Each test-feeder is used to conduct load flow simulations in the presence of no-control and the different control strategies separately, while gradually increasing the PV-penetration. The minimum PV-penetration that provokes voltage or current limit violations is compared for the different control strategies and test-feeders. Simulation results of the theoretical test-feeders show that the hosting capacity increase potential of all local Volt/var control strategies is higher for the overhead line feeders than for the cable ones. Local L(U)-control, especially its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of all low voltage test-feeders significantly. The PV-inverter-based local Volt/var control strategies, i.e., Q(U)- and cosφ(P)-control, enable lower hosting capacity increases; in particular, cosφ(P)-control causes high additional currents, allowing the feeder to host only a relatively small PV-module rating per prosumer. Q(U)- and cosφ(P)-control are not sufficient to increase the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly; they provoke high additional grid losses for the overhead line test-feeders. Meanwhile, L(U)-control, especially its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers, increases the hosting capacity of the long cable feeder significantly, causing high additional grid losses during peak production of PV-plants. Regarding the real test-feeder with heterogeneously distributed PV-plants, on the one hand, the same trend concerning the HC increase prevails for the real branched cable test-feeder as for the theoretical short cable one. On the other hand, higher losses occur for the branched feeder in the case of L(U)-control and its combination with Q-Autarkic prosumers, due to the lower voltage set-points that have to be used for the inductive devices. All in all, the use of local L(U)-control, whether combined with Q-Autarkic prosumers or not, enables the effective and complete utilization of the existing radial low voltage feeders.

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On the Classification of Low Voltage Feeders for Network Planning and Hosting Capacity Studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

A SGAM-Based Test Platform to Develop a Scheme for Wide Area Measurement-Free Monitoring of Smart Grids under High PV Penetration

A SGAM-Based Test Platform to Develop a Scheme for Wide Area Measurement-Free Monitoring of Smart Grids under High PV Penetration

Cluster Analysis of Distribution Grids in Baden-Württemberg

Comparison of Local Volt/var Control Strategies for PV Hosting Capacity Enhancement of Low Voltage Feeders

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