On the Application of Xe+ Plasma FIB for Micro-fabrication of Small-scale Tensile Specimens

Smith, A.D.; Garner, Alistair; Winiarski, B.; Bousser, Étienne; Carr, James; Burnett, Timothy L.; Wheeler, Robert W.; Wilford, K.; Withers, Philip J.; Preuss, Michael

doi:10.1007/s11340-019-00528-w

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The strain hardening exponent was calculated to be 0.06, a reduction of 0.034 relative to the non-irradiated state. It must be emphasised that the strain hardening exponent recorded in the non-irradiated specimen is already lower for the micro-tensile specimen than in the bulk samples 36 . The exponent is approximately 21% lower than that recorded using the XRD-DIC method and the standardised method 35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison between the flow curves generated from the XRD/DIC technique in the irradiated region, irradiated using 3 MeV protons to the range of around 10 mdpa according to SRIM calculations at 330 ± 3 °C and a flux of 2.3 × 10 14 cm −2 s −1 , and from the non-irradiated material from ref. 36 is shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red markers are irradiated and black markers are non-irradiated collected in ref. 36 . Dashed lines depict fitted curves assuming power-law hardening from each technique for irradiated and non-irradiated states.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain a bulk response, specimens require a minimum length scale sufficient to overcome size reduction effects. The optimum specimen size would have the smallest representative volume (SRV), which would retain the benefits of scale reduction whilst exhibiting bulk behaviour 34 .Recent work by the authors has explored two techniques to increase the sampling volume in low energy proton irradiated samples prepared for mechanical testing 35,36 . The first, an adaptation of the technique outlined by Foecke et al 37 , combines in-situ X-ray diffraction stress measurement and digital image correlation (DIC) to construct uniaxial flow curves 35 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work by the authors has explored two techniques to increase the sampling volume in low energy proton irradiated samples prepared for mechanical testing 35,36 . The first, an adaptation of the technique outlined by Foecke et al 37 , combines in-situ X-ray diffraction stress measurement and digital image correlation (DIC) to construct uniaxial flow curves 35 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material

Smith

Garner

Lunt

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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proton irradiation is often used as a proxy for neutron irradiation but the irradiated layer is typically <50 μm deep; this presents a problem when trying to obtain mechanical test data as a function of irradiation level. two novel methodologies have been developed to record stress-strain curves for thin proton-irradiated surface layers of SA-508-4N ferritic steel. In the first case, in-situ loading experiments are carried out using a combination of X-ray diffraction and digital image correlation on the near surface region in order to measure stress and strain, thereby eliminating the influence of the non-irradiated volume. the second approach is to manufacture small-scale tensile specimens containing only the proton irradiated volume but approaching the smallest representative volume of the material. this is achieved by high-speed focused ion beam (fiB) milling though the application of a Xe + plasma-fiB (PFIB). It is demonstrated that both techniques are capable of recording the early stage of uniaxial flow behaviour of the irradiated material with sufficient accuracy providing a measure of irradiation-induced shift of yield strength, strain hardening and tensile strength.The limited penetration depth of proton irradiation makes measurement of mechanical properties difficult using established techniques 16,17 . Over the last decade, the use of Ga + focussed ion beam (FIB) instruments has allowed for the preparation of small scale samples from proton irradiated layers 18-23 . The mechanical properties of these samples are then tested using a MEMS chip or piezo-actuated test rig without contributions from the non-irradiated volume. This development has allowed studies to take advantage of the increased dose rates and to probe changes in properties previously only attainable using indentation testing [24][25][26][27][28] . However, milling rates are slow because for Ga + FIBs the useable milling currents are limited due to the point source of Ga + ions. Consequently, specimen diameters achievable in a practical time frame are limited to ~10 µm. For most engineering materials, the maximum achievable scale is therefore in the order of single to only a few grains. Hence, the technique is most applicable to single and bi-crystal investigations rather than representing the bulk response of polycrystalline specimens. It has been demonstrated that small scale specimens exhibit an increased hardening inversely proportional to specimen diameter [29][30][31][32][33] . In order to obtain a bulk response, specimens require a minimum length scale sufficient to overcome size reduction effects. The optimum specimen size would have the smallest representative volume (SRV), which would retain the benefits of scale reduction whilst exhibiting bulk behaviour 34 .Recent work by the authors has explored two techniques to increase the sampling volume in low energy proton irradiated samples prepared for mechanical testing 35,36 . The first, an adaptation of the technique outlined by Foecke et al. 37 , combines in-situ X-ray diffraction ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material

Smith

Garner

Lunt

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The promise and the challenges of cryo‐electron tomography

2020

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Structural biologists have traditionally approached cellular complexity in a reductionist manner in which the cellular molecular components are fractionated and purified before being studied individually. This ‘divide and conquer’ approach has been highly successful. However, awareness has grown in recent years that biological functions can rarely be attributed to individual macromolecules. Most cellular functions arise from their concerted action, and there is thus a need for methods enabling structural studies performed in situ, ideally in unperturbed cellular environments. Cryo‐electron tomography (Cryo‐ET) combines the power of 3D molecular‐level imaging with the best structural preservation that is physically possible to achieve. Thus, it has a unique potential to reveal the supramolecular architecture or ‘molecular sociology’ of cells and to discover the unexpected. Here, we review state‐of‐the‐art Cryo‐ET workflows, provide examples of biological applications, and discuss what is needed to realize the full potential of Cryo‐ET.

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Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Mesoscale Specimens

Lodh

Keller

2023

JOM

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The mechanical response of metallic materials results from a complex hierarchy of deformation mechanisms across length scales. The need to understand these mechanisms independently has driven the miniaturization of testing samples, including small scale samples and single crystal micropillars. However, difficulties in machining and testing small samples have hampered the evaluation of the mechanical response of mesoscale samples with dimensions between tens to hundreds of microns. This paper innovates with a simple approach for the manufacturing and test of dog-bone specimens with a minimum gauge width up to 50 μm. The results demonstrate a pronounced sample size effects on the mechanical response for the dimensions analysed and highlights the need to advance the characterization of mesoscale samples. We also demonstrated the capability of testing the tensile response of single crystals from engineering alloys.

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On the Application of Xe+ Plasma FIB for Micro-fabrication of Small-scale Tensile Specimens

Abstract: , M. (2019). On the application of Xe+ plasma FIB for micro-fabrication of small-scale tensile specimens. Experimental Mechanics.

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material

Novel Methods for Recording Stress-Strain Curves in Proton Irradiated Material

The promise and the challenges of cryo‐electron tomography

Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Mesoscale Specimens

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