On-Responses in the Human Visual System as Inferred from Psychophysical Studies of Rapid-Adaptation

Effects of duration of masking stimulus and dark interval on the detection of a test disk.

“…This pattern of results offers clear support for the view (Baker, 1963;Boynton, 1958) that masking is largely brought about by the onset of the masking stimulus. The magnitude of the masking effect due to the onset of the mask is evidenced by a comparison of the threshold levels attained in Cond.…”

Effects of duration of masking stimulus and dark interval on the detection of a test disk.

“…This pattern of results offers clear support for the view (Baker, 1963;Boynton, 1958) that masking is largely brought about by the onset of the masking stimulus. The magnitude of the masking effect due to the onset of the mask is evidenced by a comparison of the threshold levels attained in Cond.…”

The human electroretinogram in the light and during dark adaptation

“…Neural influences on the visual threshold at the transition between dark and light and vice versa are suggested also by the experiments of CRAWFORD (1947), BOYrqTON & TRIEDMAN (1953), BOYNTON (1958), andBAKER (1963).…”

“…A number of authors have put forward the view that the events occurring at the very beginning of dark adaptation or light adaptation do not appear to be due to a change in pigment concentration; they have also suggested neural mechanisms, which precede the photochemical reactions following quantum absorption in the receptors, to account for the discrepancy between the rate of change of pigment concentration and the rapid sensitivity changes, illustrated here by the electrical response of the retina (WALD, 1954(WALD, , 1961BAKER, 1955BAKER, , 1963RUSHTON, 1958RUSHTON, , 1959and BOYNTON, 1958).…”

Time-intensity reciprocity under various conditions of adaptation and backward masking.

“…D. Neural effects are therefore involved, but the precise nature of these effects is yet unclear. Several recent studies have attempted to isolate the masking effect of the neural response to an intense flash of light on the detection of a threshold flash (e.g., Baker, 1963;Battersby & Wagman, 1959;Boynton, 1958). However, all these studies agree that the neural "off" response has little or no effect in masking a flash presented immediately after the offset of the adapting stimulus.…”

Effects of duration of masking stimulus and dark interval on the detection of a test disk.

“…This pattern of results offers clear support for the view (Baker, 1963;Boynton, 1958) that masking is largely brought about by the onset of the masking stimulus. The magnitude of the masking effect due to the onset of the mask is evidenced by a comparison of the threshold levels attained in Cond.…”

The human electroretinogram in the light and during dark adaptation

“…Neural influences on the visual threshold at the transition between dark and light and vice versa are suggested also by the experiments of CRAWFORD (1947), BOYrqTON & TRIEDMAN (1953), BOYNTON (1958), andBAKER (1963).…”

“…A number of authors have put forward the view that the events occurring at the very beginning of dark adaptation or light adaptation do not appear to be due to a change in pigment concentration; they have also suggested neural mechanisms, which precede the photochemical reactions following quantum absorption in the receptors, to account for the discrepancy between the rate of change of pigment concentration and the rapid sensitivity changes, illustrated here by the electrical response of the retina (WALD, 1954(WALD, , 1961BAKER, 1955BAKER, , 1963RUSHTON, 1958RUSHTON, , 1959and BOYNTON, 1958).…”

Time-intensity reciprocity under various conditions of adaptation and backward masking.

“…D. Neural effects are therefore involved, but the precise nature of these effects is yet unclear. Several recent studies have attempted to isolate the masking effect of the neural response to an intense flash of light on the detection of a threshold flash (e.g., Baker, 1963;Battersby & Wagman, 1959;Boynton, 1958). However, all these studies agree that the neural "off" response has little or no effect in masking a flash presented immediately after the offset of the adapting stimulus.…”

Effects of duration of masking stimulus and dark interval on the detection of a test disk.

“…This pattern of results offers clear support for the view (Baker, 1963;Boynton, 1958) that masking is largely brought about by the onset of the masking stimulus. The magnitude of the masking effect due to the onset of the mask is evidenced by a comparison of the threshold levels attained in Cond.…”

The human electroretinogram in the light and during dark adaptation

“…Neural influences on the visual threshold at the transition between dark and light and vice versa are suggested also by the experiments of CRAWFORD (1947), BOYrqTON & TRIEDMAN (1953), BOYNTON (1958), andBAKER (1963).…”

“…A number of authors have put forward the view that the events occurring at the very beginning of dark adaptation or light adaptation do not appear to be due to a change in pigment concentration; they have also suggested neural mechanisms, which precede the photochemical reactions following quantum absorption in the receptors, to account for the discrepancy between the rate of change of pigment concentration and the rapid sensitivity changes, illustrated here by the electrical response of the retina (WALD, 1954(WALD, , 1961BAKER, 1955BAKER, , 1963RUSHTON, 1958RUSHTON, , 1959and BOYNTON, 1958).…”

Time-intensity reciprocity under various conditions of adaptation and backward masking.

“…D. Neural effects are therefore involved, but the precise nature of these effects is yet unclear. Several recent studies have attempted to isolate the masking effect of the neural response to an intense flash of light on the detection of a threshold flash (e.g., Baker, 1963;Battersby & Wagman, 1959;Boynton, 1958). However, all these studies agree that the neural "off" response has little or no effect in masking a flash presented immediately after the offset of the adapting stimulus.…”