2000
DOI: 10.1086/308756
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Abstract: X-ray observations of blazars associated with the OVV (Optically Violently Variable) quasars put strong constraints on the e + e − pair content of radio-loud quasar jets. From those observations, we infer that jets in quasars contain many more e + e − pairs than protons, but dynamically are still dominated by protons. In particular, we show that pure e + e − jet models can be excluded, as they overpredict soft X-ray radiation; likewise, pure proton-electron jets can be excluded, as they predict too weak nonthe… Show more

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Cited by 196 publications
(215 citation statements)
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“…As was demonstrated by Sikora & Madejski (2000), studies of X-ray radiation in OVV quasars allow a veriÐca-tion of the presence of low-energy electrons in a jet. This, in turn, can be used to estimate the pair content of quasar jets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…As was demonstrated by Sikora & Madejski (2000), studies of X-ray radiation in OVV quasars allow a veriÐca-tion of the presence of low-energy electrons in a jet. This, in turn, can be used to estimate the pair content of quasar jets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…The main feature of the model is that it accounts for the radiation fields produced by the emission disk, the broad line region, the dusty torus surrounding the disk and re-emitting part of the intercepted radiation in the infrared. The distance of the BLR is assumed to be a function of the disk luminosity, as indicated by recent observations (through the so-called reverberation mapping tech- 45 cm. We assume that also the typical size of the molecular torus scales similarly: 45 cm (in agreement with very recent reverberation results 43 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The distance of the BLR is assumed to be a function of the disk luminosity, as indicated by recent observations (through the so-called reverberation mapping tech- 45 cm. We assume that also the typical size of the molecular torus scales similarly: 45 cm (in agreement with very recent reverberation results 43 ). Here L d, 45 is the disk luminosity in units of 10 45 erg s −1 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, even if one assumes that the highenergy emission is usually dominated by leptonic processes in blazar jets in general and in 1ES 1959+650 in particular, one would naturally expect that the emitting plasma in blazar jets would not be a pure e + e À pair plasma but contain a nonnegligible admixture of protons. For example, based on X-ray luminosity constraints from observations, Sikora & Madejski (2000) find that even if e + e À pairs outnumber protons by a large margin (a factor of $50), blazar jets might still be dynamically dominated by their baryon content. Similar conclusions have been reached by Kino & Takahara (2004), ruling out a pure electronproton plasma in energy equilibrium between electrons and protons or a pure electron-positron pair plasma.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%