On Legitimacy, Legitimation, and Organizations: A Critical Review and Integrative Theoretical Model.

Hybels, Ralph C.

doi:10.5465/ambpp.1995.17536509

Cited by 154 publications

(151 citation statements)

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“…Researching the legitimacy of an already "accepted" organization can be time consuming and potentially disruptive (Meyer & Rowan, 1991). Thus, the longer an organization has been in existence, the more deep rooted and engrained its legitimacy (Ashforth & Gibbs, 1990;Hybels, 1995). Further, as performance is enhanced additional legitimacy is conferred and the cycle is perpetuated.…”

Section: Previous Performance Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposition that performance leads to legitimacy has been noted as tautological (Hybels, 1995). For organizations to obtain the status of "legitimate" they must perform within the expectation boundaries of their constituents.…”

Section: Previous Performance Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in order for organizations to perform they must have already achieved a certain level of legitimacy from their constituents, given that constituents are willing to exchange resources with them (Stone & Brush, 1996;Zimmerman & Zeitz, 2002). This tautology can be unravelled by understanding legitimacy as being conferred in stages (or levels) over time and as being reinforced by persistent patterns of behaviour (Hybels, 1995;Suchman, 1995). Barring any crisis or unanticipated downturn in performance, legitimacy will tend to perpetuate itself.…”

Section: Previous Performance Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration

Shaikh

McLarney

2005

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy

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In tro duc tionThere has been much so cial and le gal de bate over the def i ni tion of the word "charity." For some it is a path way to heaven, for oth ers, it plays a de ci sive role in anti-trust cases. Charles Dick ens wrote "Char ity be gins at home and jus tice be gins next door." Lord Macnaghten's take on the Pre am ble to the Stat ute of Eliz a beth (1601) 43 Eliz. 1, c.4 (UK), whilst con sid ered to have its lim i ta tions, is widely regarded as a use ful start ing point for a le gal def i ni tion of char ity. In Com mis sion ers for Spe cial Pur poses of the In come Tax vs. Pemsel (su pra note 2, at 583, 1891), Lord Macnaghten laid out the fol low ing clas si fi ca tions (note: not a def i ni tion) of char ity: "Char ity" in its le gal sense com prises four prin ci pal di vi sions: trusts for the relief of pov erty; trusts for the ad vance ment of ed u ca tion; trusts for the ad vancement of re li gion; and trusts for other pur poses ben e fi cial to the com mu nity; not fall ing un der any of the pre ced ing heads." (Carter, 2002, p.7) These four heads of char ity, as they have to come to be known, have taken on the sta tus of tests to see if an or ga ni sa tion mer its the ti tle of char ity and any ac com pa nying ben e fits (such as fa vour able tax sta tus). This ar ti cle at tempts to go be yond the def i ni tion of char ity and to closely ex am ine what con sti tutes the "suc cess" of a char ity. Char ity Pro filesTo en able a com par a tive study, we have cho sen three dif fer ent char i ties on three differ ent con ti nents. Be fore go ing on to com pare nu mer i cal and sub jec tive find ings, pro files of these char i ties can be found in Ta ble 1.There are hun dreds of char i ties world wide. These three char i ties were chosen to pro vide a cross sec tion of the va ri ety of char i ties that ex ist. Vary ing fac tors in clude:Op er a tional scope: We have an in ter est ing mix. One in ter na tional char ity with world wide op er a tions and al li ances with sev eral dif fer ent coun tries (ActionAid). One na tional char ity but which sends aid to other coun tries too (Edhi Foun da tion) and one na tional char ity that local ises its ef forts to its own coun try (amfAR).

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Section: Previous Performance Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Performance Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Performance Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration

Shaikh

McLarney

2005

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy

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“…However, the amount of legitimacy is often very subjective. Hybels (1995) argued that good models in the legitimacy theory must examine the relevant stakeholders. This is to ensure that how important the stakeholders influence the flow of business resources.…”

Section: Legitimacy Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is to ensure that how important the stakeholders influence the flow of business resources. Critical organisational stakeholders were identified by Hybels (1995), such as the state, the public, the financial community and the media. The importance of each stakeholder is different across nations due to cultural differences.…”

Section: Legitimacy Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Corporate Environmental and Social Disclosures in China: A Comparative Study within High-profile Industries

Zhang

Djajadikerta

Trireksani

2018

AJFA

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This study examines the extent of environmental and social disclosures in annual reports made by Chinese mining, utility and chemical industries. It also investigates the key drivers of the companies' environmental and social disclosures (CESD), thereby determining the motivations of the sample organisations towards corporate environmental and social responsibility. The study adopted dichotomous index to measure the extent of CESD among the three industries in their annual reports. Additionally, Ordinary Least Square was adopted to examine the determinants of CESD. By drawing on legitimacy theory, the results depict positive associations between the extent of CESD and firm size, profitability, and firm age. Engagement from industry association showed strong significance in environmental disclosure, whereas leverage was significant in social disclosures. Government ownership was found insignificant in the analysis. The study contributes with direct evidence to the extent of environmental disclosure and social disclosure made by three high-profile industries based on G3. The results showed that overall there is no significant difference between the extents of CESD of the three industries, indicating that high-profile industries behave similarly in terms of the content of information in disclosure. This study has also practical implications particularly for the regulatory body and the industry association when developing regulations and guidelines on environmental and social reports.

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The randomized clinical trial of doxycycline in knee osteoarthritis: Comment on the editorial by Dieppe

Brandt¹,

Mazzuca²

2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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We thank Dr. Dieppe for his complimentary remarks (1) about our randomized controlled trial (RCT) of doxycycline in knee osteoarthritis (OA) (2) and concur that a drug that slows progression of radiographic changes of OA will hold little therapeutic interest if this effect is not accompanied by clinically important benefits, such as a reduction in joint pain or an improvement in function. After all, the real problem is not OA; almost all of us will develop OA. The real problem is painful OA, with its medical, social, and economic consequences.Although previous data suggest only a weak association between progression of radiographic changes and progression of knee pain and disability in patients with OA, studies that have examined this relationship have used radiographic protocols that are less sensitive to joint space narrowing (JSN) than that used in the doxycycline trial. Indeed, in the RCT, the rate of JSN at 30 months in the index knee of subjects with a baseline Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (3) pain score Ն16 was more than twice as rapid as that in subjects with a lower baseline pain score (mean Ϯ SD 0.73 Ϯ 0.75 mm versus 0.33 Ϯ 0.64 mm; P Ͻ 0.001). Because of the low mean level of knee pain in the subjects enrolled in the RCT, the results of this clinical trial do not answer the question of whether doxycycline treatment has a salutary clinical effect in patients with more severe OA pain. That can be tested, however, and it should be tested.We share with Dr. Dieppe the view that OA is a mechanically induced disease that is biochemically mediated (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases play a prominent role in the degradation of articular cartilage). It is indeed reasonable to anticipate that the response to a structure-modifying drug may be suboptimal if the underlying mechanical abnormalities are not corrected. Osteotomy and joint distraction procedures, however, are not optimal therapies for most patients with knee OA. Furthermore, in most of the animal models in which the efficacy of doxycycline, diacerhein, and other putative structure-modifying drugs for OA has been demonstrated, OA has been surgically induced. Prevention or slowing of cartilage damage has occurred despite persistence of the mechanical derangement. If this point is dismissed, incentives to attempt to develop structure-modifying OA drugs may be stifled. Perhaps such drugs will, as Dieppe suggests, be of little value in treatment of OA in humans, but it is too soon to reach that conclusion on the basis of the evidence to date.Of course, pharmacologic therapy for OA must be safe. This is as true for analgesics, nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and coxibs as it is for diseasemodifying drugs. In the RCT, no serious adverse events attributable to doxycycline occurred among the 218 subjects randomized to the active treatment group. That number is far too small to provide reassurance that such events would not occur if the drug were used widely, without adequate medical supervision, by older subjects...

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On Legitimacy, Legitimation, and Organizations: A Critical Review and Integrative Theoretical Model.

Cited by 154 publications

References 0 publications

Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration

Where does all the money go? An investigation of donation filtration

Determinants of Corporate Environmental and Social Disclosures in China: A Comparative Study within High-profile Industries

The randomized clinical trial of doxycycline in knee osteoarthritis: Comment on the editorial by Dieppe

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