“…As a concluding remark, the author would like to emphasize that the actual absolute performance of the instrument was not an issue of this study and higher accuracies are acknowledged to be achieved by standard or custom-made ISLs used for clinical studies (Liu and Panjabi, 1996;Van Sint Jan et al, 2002;Sholukha et al, 2004), but these rely on the use of either smaller structures or more accurate transducers. In all of those cases, the proposed calibration technique could be still effective and either kinematic and electrical parameters uncertainties be considered.…”