On angry approach and fearful avoidance: The goal-dependent nature of emotional approach and avoidance tendencies

Bossuyt, Evelien; Moors, Agnes; Houwer, Jan De

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.09.009

Cited by 46 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the current studies focus on the response to others' WILKOWSKI AND LEKI | 547 anger, and we therefore focus only on Bossuyt et al's results relevant to this. These findings are actually quite consistent with those findings reviewed in the introduction, as angry expressions only elicit faster aggressive approach responses (but not faster peaceful or submissive approach responses; Bossuyt et al, 2014;Krieglmeyer & Deutsch, 2012). In these studies, angry expressions typically elicit faster avoidance (rather than approach) responses.…”

Section: Endnotessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…They argued that these paradigms simulate a "stare-down" ritual used to nonviolently resolve dominance competitions in modern humans. Similarly, Bossuyt, Moors, and de Houwer (2014) found that participants were faster to fight an angry manikin, but not to submissively approach and beg from an angry manikin. To do so, they presented participants with faces displaying angry, neutral, and fearful expressions.…”

Section: The Automatic Aggressive Response To Facial Angermentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To test this general hypothesis, four experiments were conducted using the manikin task (Bossuyt et al, 2014). To test this general hypothesis, four experiments were conducted using the manikin task (Bossuyt et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taking the fight out of people: Exploring how defeat modulates the automatic aggressive response to facial anger

Wilkowski

Leki

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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Past studies indicate that angry facial expressions automatically activate an aggressive response, seeming to support the view that humans possess an inborn, automatic tendencies to aggress. However, the current authors drew on influential models from evolutionary game theory to suggest that experiences of defeat may modulate this tendency. To examine this, four experiments were conducted to explore how defeat may modulate this aggressive response. In each study, participants executed simulated fight or flight responses based a computerized opponent's facial expression. Across studies, participants were typically faster to initiate fight (than flight) responses against an angry opponent.Simply losing simulated fights (Experiment 1) or experiencing aversive, white noise following simulated losses (Experiment 2) did not eliminate this tendency.However, when aversive noise was specifically experienced after losing to an angry opponent, the automatic aggressive response was eliminated (Experiment 3). This result was directly replicated (Experiment 4). Thus, these studies isolate the cues which automatize submissive behavior and show that fighting experience can modulate even our automatic aggressive responses to others' anger displays.

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Section: Endnotessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: The Automatic Aggressive Response To Facial Angermentioning

confidence: 89%

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Taking the fight out of people: Exploring how defeat modulates the automatic aggressive response to facial anger

Wilkowski

Leki

2019

Aggressive Behavior

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“…This case seems to resemble the model formerly described, but this time, the deeper analysis is supposed functional to the following mental plan of counterattacking. Second, it may be the case that the mental activation of the counterattack is time-consuming because experts must first suppress the automatic tendency to defend themselves against attack and then mentally plan the counterattack (Bossuyt, Moors, & de Houwer, 2014;Chen & Bargh, 1999;Karsdorp, Geenen, & Vlaeyen, 2014;Tessari et al, 2012).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What boxing-related stimuli reveal about response behaviour

Ottoboni

Russo

Tessari

2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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When two athletes meet inside the ropes of the boxing ring to fight, their cognitive systems have to respond as quickly as possible to a manifold of stimuli to assure victory. In the present work, we studied the pre-attentive mechanisms, which form the basis of an athlete's ability in reacting to an opponent's punches. Expert boxers, beginner boxers and people with no experience of boxing performed a Simon-like task where they judged the colour of the boxing gloves worn by athletes in attack postures by pressing two lateralised keys. Although participants were not instructed to pay attention to the direction of the punches, beginner boxers' responses resembled a defence-related pattern, expert boxers' resembled counterattacks, whereas non-athletes' responses were not influenced by the unrelated task information. Results are discussed in the light of an expertise-related action simulation account.

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“…For example, unpleasant emotions do not elicit avoidance responses in every context. Anger is considered an approach-related emotion, particularly in social contexts involving dominance motivations (Bossuyt, Moors, & De Houwer, 2014; Carver & Harmon-Jones, 2009). The design of the current study limits the generalization of the findings to only happy and fearful emotional contexts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive assessment of emotional context sensitivity

Myruski

Bonanno

Gulyayeva

et al. 2017

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Sensitivity to emotional context is an emerging construct for characterizing adaptive or maladaptive emotion regulation, but few measurement approaches exist. The current study combined behavioral and neurocognitive measures to assess context sensitivity in relation to self-report measures of adaptive emotional flexibility and well-being. Sixty-six adults completed an emotional go/no-go task using happy, fearful, and neutral faces as go and no-go cues, while EEG was recorded to generate event-related potentials (ERPs) reflecting attentional selection and discrimination (N170) and cognitive control (N2). Context sensitivity was measured as the degree of emotional facilitation or disruption in the go/no-go task and magnitude of ERP response to emotion cues. Participants self-reported on emotional flexibility, anxiety, and depression. Overall participants evidenced emotional context sensitivity, such that when happy faces were go stimuli, accuracy improved (greater behavioral facilitation), whereas when fearful faces were no-go stimuli, errors increased (disrupted behavioral inhibition). These indices predicted emotional flexibility and well-being: greater behavioral facilitation following happy cues was associated with lower depression and anxiety, whereas greater disruption in behavioral inhibition following fearful cues was associated with lower flexibility. ERP indices of context sensitivity revealed additional associations: greater N2 to fear go cues was associated with less anxiety and depression, and greater N2 and N170 to happy and fear no-go cues, respectively, were associated with greater emotional flexibility and well-being. Results suggest that pleasant and unpleasant emotions selectively enhance and disrupt components of context sensitivity, and that behavioral and ERP indices of context sensitivity predict flexibility and well-being.

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On angry approach and fearful avoidance: The goal-dependent nature of emotional approach and avoidance tendencies

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Taking the fight out of people: Exploring how defeat modulates the automatic aggressive response to facial anger

Taking the fight out of people: Exploring how defeat modulates the automatic aggressive response to facial anger

What boxing-related stimuli reveal about response behaviour

Neurocognitive assessment of emotional context sensitivity

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