“…A comprehensive synthesis of these developing works on strain gradient notation has been presented (Dow, 1999). Since then, research involving strain gradient notation has continued to be developed by Mohamed, Byrd, and Dow (2005), Abdalla Filho, Fagundes, and Machado, (2006), Abdalla Filho, Belo, and Dow (2016), Abdalla Filho, Belo, and Dow (2017), and Abdalla Filho, Dow, and Belo (2020.…”