Omicron: Call for updated vaccines

Li, Xingguang

doi:10.1002/jmv.27530

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At this time, VE-I had declined to very low. Therefore, it is very necessary to vaccinate these 1.6 million people with booster doses as soon as possible [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking and controlling the spatiotemporal spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in South Africa

Tong

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2022

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Background South Africa is the focus of the current epidemic caused by Omicron. Understanding the spatiotemporal spread of Omicron in South Africa and how to control it is crucial to global countries. Methods To explore the spatiotemporal spread of Omicron in 9 provinces in South Africa, a province-level geographic prediction model of COVID-19 symptom onset risk, is proposed. Results It has been found that i) The spatiotemporal spread was relatively slow during the first stage and following the emergence of Omicron in Gauteng. The spatial spread of Omicron accelerated after it had become the dominant variant, and continued to spread from Gauteng to the neighboring provinces and main transport nodes. ii) Compared with current Alert Levels 1–4 in all provinces, the imposition of lockdown in the high-onset-risk Gauteng together with the Alert Level 1 in other 8 provinces, was found to more effectively control the spread of Omicron in South Africa. Moreover, it can reduce the spread of the Omicron epidemic in the provinces where main international airports are located to other parts of the world. iii) Due to declining vaccine efficiency over time, even when the daily vaccination rates in each province increased by 10 times, the daily overall onset risk was only reduced by 0.34%–7.86%. Conclusions Our study has provided a comprehensive investigation concerning the spatiotemporal dynamics of Omicron and hence provided scientific findings to enable a contribution which will assist in controlling the spatiotemporal spread of Omicron by integrating the prevention measures and vaccination.

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“…At this time, VE-I had declined to very low. Therefore, it is very necessary to vaccinate these 1.6 million people with booster doses as soon as possible [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking and controlling the spatiotemporal spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in South Africa

Tong

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2022

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…Also, in the same patient, the emergence of the E484K substitution associated with immune escape and the N501Y substitution associated with most VOC were reported, strengthening the hypothesis of intra-host evolution of VOCs ( Kupferschmidt, 2021c ). mRNA- and non-mRNA-based vaccines may have a role in generating Omicron variants in a chronically infected COVID-19 patient, offering the chance for the virus to evolve and mutate, and acquire the ability to escape the body's immune response (breakthrough vaccine-induced immunity) ( Li, 2021 ).…”

Section: Theories On Omicron Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formulations of better strategies to design superior vaccine candidates with longer shelf life, higher stability, and ease of immunization like an oral or nasal vaccine are to be opted ( Snehota et al, 2021 ). Presently when there is a high requirement of protecting the population from emerging SARS-CoVB-2 VOCs and VOIs, many mRNA based vaccines might be efficiently designed to meet the pace of emerging variants; however, there is a quest to develop a much more experimental one-shot universal vaccine that can protect individuals for the entire lifetime ( Li, 2021 ).…”

Section: Strategies To Tackle Emerging Sars-cov-2 Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, salient features, high global health concerns and strategies to counter it amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

Khandia

Singhal

Alqahtani

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

236

196

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Since the appearance in the late of December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly evolving and mutating continuously, giving rise to various variants with variable degrees of infectivity and lethality. The virus that initially appeared in China later mutated several times, wreaking havoc and claiming many lives worldwide amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. After Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, the most recently emerged variant of concern (VOC) is the Omicron (B.1.1.529) that has evolved due to the accumulation of high numbers of mutations especially in the spike protein, raising concerns for its ability to evade from pre-existing immunity acquired through vaccination or natural infection as well as overpowering antibodies-based therapies. Several theories are on the surface to explain how the Omicron has gathered such a high number of mutations within less time. Few of them are higher mutation rates within a subgroup of population and then its introduction to a larger population, long term persistence and evolution of the virus in immune-compromised patients, and epizootic infection in animals from humans, where under different immune pressures the virus mutated and then got reintroduced to humans. Multifaceted approach including rapid diagnosis, genome analysis of emerging variants, ramping up of vaccination drives and receiving booster doses, efficacy testing of vaccines and immunotherapies against newly emerged variants, updating the available vaccines, designing of multivalent vaccines able to generate hybrid immunity, up-gradation of medical facilities and strict implementation of adequate prevention and control measures need to be given high priority to handle the on-going SARS-CoV-2 pandemic successfully.

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“…The emergence of Omicron has initiated a vaccine efficacy debate ( 275 ). Several scientists suggest booster doses of the vaccines for the fading immunity against the virus, while others favor rapid vaccine improvement to fight against the Omicron ( 276 ).…”

Section: Arrival Of Immensely Mutated Omicron Variant: Is It a Concer...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

et al. 2022

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The infective SARS-CoV-2 is more prone to immune escape. Presently, the significant variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging in due course of time with substantial mutations, having the immune escape property. Simultaneously, the vaccination drive against this virus is in progress worldwide. However, vaccine evasion has been noted by some of the newly emerging variants. Our review provides an overview of the emerging variants’ immune escape and vaccine escape ability. We have illustrated a broad view related to viral evolution, variants, and immune escape ability. Subsequently, different immune escape approaches of SARS-CoV-2 have been discussed. Different innate immune escape strategies adopted by the SARS-CoV-2 has been discussed like, IFN-I production dysregulation, cytokines related immune escape, immune escape associated with dendritic cell function and macrophages, natural killer cells and neutrophils related immune escape, PRRs associated immune evasion, and NLRP3 inflammasome associated immune evasion. Simultaneously we have discussed the significant mutations related to emerging variants and immune escape, such as mutations in the RBD region (N439K, L452R, E484K, N501Y, K444R) and other parts (D614G, P681R) of the S-glycoprotein. Mutations in other locations such as NSP1, NSP3, NSP6, ORF3, and ORF8 have also been discussed. Finally, we have illustrated the emerging variants’ partial vaccine (BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA/Oxford-AstraZeneca/BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001/Moderna mRNA/Johnson & Johnson vaccine) escape ability. This review will help gain in-depth knowledge related to immune escape, antibody escape, and partial vaccine escape ability of the virus and assist in controlling the current pandemic and prepare for the next.

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Omicron: Call for updated vaccines

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Tracking and controlling the spatiotemporal spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in South Africa

Tracking and controlling the spatiotemporal spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in South Africa

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, salient features, high global health concerns and strategies to counter it amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

A Detailed Overview of Immune Escape, Antibody Escape, Partial Vaccine Escape of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Emerging Variants With Escape Mutations

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