Omentin treatment of epicardial fat improves its anti‐inflammatory activity and paracrine benefit on smooth muscle cells

Fernández-Trasancos, Ángel; Agra, Rosa M.; Garcı́a-Acuña, José Marı́a; Fernández, Ángel L.; González-Juanatey, José Ramón; Eiras, Sonia

doi:10.1002/oby.21832

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the expression level of omentin was decreased in CAD patients (412). Importantly, it was suggested that exogenous omentin supplementation might support a cardioprotective role through its anti-inflammatory effect on EpiCAT (413). Increased levels of resistin in EpiCAT were also reported in patients with advanced coronary atherosclerosis and patients with acute coronary syndrome (414,415).…”

Section: Epicardial Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 98%

Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

AlZaim

Hammoud

Al-Koussa

et al. 2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.

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Section: Epicardial Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 98%

Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

AlZaim

Hammoud

Al-Koussa

et al. 2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…In humans, an inverse correlation between omentin levels and IR is seen, both at the protein and mRNA levels [ 277 , 279 , 280 ]. Additional studies show that omentin has anti-inflammatory properties, diminishes cytokine expression [ 281 , 282 ], and is negatively associated with systemic inflammatory markers such as TNF and IL-6 [ 283 ].…”

Section: T2dm Outcomes/complications: Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Galicia-García

Benito‐Vicente

Jebari

et al. 2020

IJMS

1,531

822

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond appropriately to insulin. Because insulin release and activity are essential processes for glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of insulin, as well as in its detection are tightly regulated. Defects in any of the mechanisms involved in these processes can lead to a metabolic imbalance responsible for the development of the disease. This review analyzes the key aspects of T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanisms and pathways implicated in insulin metabolism leading to T2DM and insulin resistance. For that purpose, we summarize the data gathered up until now, focusing especially on insulin synthesis, insulin release, insulin sensing and on the downstream effects on individual insulin-sensitive organs. The review also covers the pathological conditions perpetuating T2DM such as nutritional factors, physical activity, gut dysbiosis and metabolic memory. Additionally, because T2DM is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development, we review here some of the molecular mechanisms that link T2DM and insulin resistance (IR) as well as cardiovascular risk as one of the most important complications in T2DM.

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“…Omentin-1 is known to have key roles in the maintenance of body metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and cardiovascular-protective effects via AMP-activated protein kinase/Akt/NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK, JNK, and p. 38) signaling (33). In cultured human vascular cells, exogenous omentin promoted glucose uptake, and improved the insulin activity and anti-inflammatory response (174).…”

Section: Omentinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and Abnormal Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

et al. 2019

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Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Some cytokines play a positive role in metabolism action, while others have a negative metabolic role linking to the induction of metabolic dysfunction. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood, but are associated with lipid accumulation in organs and tissues, especially in the adipose and liver tissue, changes in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types, including immune cells. In this review, we describe the roles of certain cytokines in the regulation of metabolism and inter-organ signaling in regard to the pathophysiological aspects. Given the disease-related changes in circulating levels of relevant cytokines, these factors may serve as biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders. Moreover, based on preclinical studies, certain cytokines that can induce improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism and immune response may emerge as novel targets of broader and more efficacious treatments and prevention of metabolic disease.

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Omentin treatment of epicardial fat improves its anti‐inflammatory activity and paracrine benefit on smooth muscle cells

Abstract: Exogenous omentin might support a cardioprotective role through its effect on EAT regarding glucose uptake, anti-inflammatory response, and its paracrine role on smooth muscle cells.

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cytokines and Abnormal Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

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