Omega-9 Modifies Viscoelasticity and Augments Bone Strength and Architecture in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Murine Model

Abstract

The influence of diet on the development of osteoporosis is significant and not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of diets of varying lipid profiles and ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 composition on the structural and mechanical properties of bone. The hypothesis studied was that a diet high in saturated fat would induce osteoporosis and produce an overall increased detrimental bony response when compared with a diet high in unsaturated ω-6, or ω-9. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet, 50:50 mix (saturated:unsaturated) high in ω-9 (HFD50:50), a diet high in saturated fat (HSF) or a polyunsaturated fat diet high in ω-6 (PUFA) over an 8-week duration. Tibiae were retrieved and evaluated using DMA, 3-point-bending, histomorphometry, and microCT. Mice fed a HSF diet displayed key features characteristic of osteoporosis. The loss tangent was significantly increased in the HFD50:50 diet group compared with control (p = 0.016) and PUFA-fed animals (p = 0.049). HFD50:50-fed mice presented with an increased viscous component, longer tibiae, increased loss modulus (p = 0.009), and ultimate stress, smaller microcracks (p < 0.001), and increased trabecular width (p = 0.002) compared with control animals. A diet high in ω-9 resulted in an overall superior bone response and further analysis of its role in bone health is warranted.

Omega-3 PUFAs prevent bone impairment and bone marrow adiposity in mouse model of obesity

“…These beneficial effects on bone metabolism were further confirmed by metabolomic analysis showing a higher concentration of DHA and EPA not only in plasma but also in BM and bone matrix of HFD + F compared to HFD mice, which was associated with a positive impact on bone quality and lower BMA and improved bone microstructural changes. Besides omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 and omega-9 PUFAs in the diet may benefit bone parameters 20 , 40 . Thus, it is important to pay more attention to the composition of different PUFAs in experimental diets and their beneficial effects on bone.…”

A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

“…Each tibia was placed horizontally on support bars positioned 8 mm apart with the anterior bow facing downward as per our previously published protocol. [246,247] Using a universal testing machine (Criterion 43, MTS, Eden Prairie, MN, USA), a vertical force was applied to the tibial mid-shaft using a 3 mm diameter leading roller and a 5 kN load cell. Each tibia was loaded until failure at a displacement rate of 0.02 mm −1 s. As the cross-sectional area of the tibia was non-uniform and similar to other studies, [246,248,249] we assumed the cross-sectional area was circular and obtained the mechanical properties including the stress, 𝜎 (Pa), in Equation ( 1), and elastic modulus, E (Pa), in Equation (2).…”

“…[ 246,247 ] Using a universal testing machine (Criterion 43, MTS, Eden Prairie, MN, USA), a vertical force was applied to the tibial mid‐shaft using a 3 mm diameter leading roller and a 5 kN load cell. Each tibia was loaded until failure at a displacement rate of 0.02 mm −1 s. As the cross‐sectional area of the tibia was non‐uniform and similar to other studies, [ 246,248,249 ] we assumed the cross‐sectional area was circular and obtained the mechanical properties including the stress, σ (Pa), in Equation (), and elastic modulus, E (Pa), in Equation (). $$$$\begin{equation}{{\sigma}}\ = \ \frac{{F*L*{c}_O}}{{4*I}}\end{equation}$$$$ $$$$\begin{equation}E\ = \ \frac{{F{L}^3}}{{d*48*I}}\end{equation}$$$$Where F is the applied load (N), L = 0.008 is the span distance between the supports (m), c o is the outer radius of the tibial midshaft (m), which was measured using a caliper (Digital, Cole‐Parmer, IL, US), d is displacement (m), and I is the moment of inertia (m 4 ) calculated using Equation (): $$$$\begin{equation}I\ = \ \frac{\pi }{{4\left( {c_o^4 - c_i^4} \right)}}\end{equation}$$$$where c i is the inner radius of the tibial midshaft (m).…”

Effects of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on Bone Healing Efficiency: An Animal Study

“…Deshimaru (2005) conducted in vitro cell experiments testing various FAs and found that only oleic acid, an ω-9 MUFA, has the ability to promote osteoblast differentiation [16]. Omer's team first compared ω-6 and ω-9 FAs on bone regeneration in animal experiments and found that animals fed with ω-9 MUFAs exhibited significant improvements in maintaining bone strength and viscoelastic properties [17]. The authors later suggested that besides promoting bone regeneration, ω-9 MUFAs also have a significant inhibiting effect toward bone loss [18].…”