Omega-3 fatty acids decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages from patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter of which contributes to activation of macrophages, a prominent cell type in AAA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to limit oxidative stress in animal models of AAA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on antioxidant defence in macrophages from patients with AAA. Cells were obtained from men with small AAA (diameter 3.0–4.5 cm, 75 ± 6 yr, n = 19) and age- matched male controls (72 ± 5 yr, n = 41) and incubated with DHA for 1 h before exposure to 0.1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. DHA supplementation decreased the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; control, 42.1 ± 13.6 to 5.1 ± 2.1 pg/ml, p < 0.01; AAA, 25.2 ± 9.8 to 1.9 ± 0.9 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and interleukin-6 (IL-6; control, 44.9 ± 7.7 to 5.9 ± 2.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001; AAA, 24.3 ± 5.2 to 0.5 ± 0.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001) in macrophage supernatants. DHA increased glutathione peroxidase activity (control, 3.2 ± 0.3 to 4.1 ± 0.2 nmol/min/ml/μg protein, p = 0.004; AAA, 2.3 ± 0.5 to 3.4 ± 0.5 nmol/min/ml/μg protein, p = 0.008) and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression (control, 1.5-fold increase, p < 0.001). The improvements in macrophage oxidative stress status serve as a stimulus for further investigation of DHA in patients with AAA.

Protective Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Plus Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation Against White Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

“…This finding mainly relies on the HT component of the combined protocol and may effectively contribute to the hypertrophic to the small healthy adipocyte phenotype transition observed. The reduction of the enlarged WAT in obesity achieved by EPA plus HT is in agreement with studies on the antioxidant behavior exerted by EPA, DHA and the carotenoid astaxantin, alone or in combinations in HepG2-C8 cells [ 37 ], EPA and DHA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Schwann cells [ 63 , 64 ] or in human macrophages [ 65 ], with responses exhibiting synergism. The EPA plus HT protocol also improved the pro-inflammatory status of WAT in HFD-fed mice in an additive manner.…”

Endotoxin Tolerance in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Macrophages, In Vitro: A Case–Control Study

“…Monocytes within a band located at the interface of the Percoll solution and DPBS/media were collected and diluted with 4 mL of Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ free DPBS containing 1 mmol L −1 EDTA. An aliquot of the cells was stained with May-Grunwald stain (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) to confirm the presence of monocytes [ 14 ].…”

“…To establish oxidative stress status, free 8-isoprostane levels were measured in BHT-preserved plasma samples and monocyte-derived macrophage supernatants, as described previously [ 14 ].…”

Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

“…In schizophrenia, omega-3 fatty acid supplements significantly alleviated symptoms in four out of seven randomized clinical trials [ 54 , 161 , 213 ]. This may be because omega-3 fatty acids contain generous amounts of EPA, which has antioxidant properties [ 214 , 215 , 216 ]. In a specific study of omega-3 supplements in schizophrenia, the nutrient significantly improved the symptoms of both schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia [ 161 ].…”