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Cited by 54 publications
(59 citation statements)
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References 74 publications
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“…Generally, as reported in previous studies [4][5][6]16,17,34] PD patients showed increased levels of apathy, fatigue and depression and exhibited impaired olfactory and gustatory function, compared to controls. Furthermore, despite weight gain or weight loss observed in relation to the stage of the disease [8,9], the mechanism of this change in PD remains still controversial.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 76%
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“…Generally, as reported in previous studies [4][5][6]16,17,34] PD patients showed increased levels of apathy, fatigue and depression and exhibited impaired olfactory and gustatory function, compared to controls. Furthermore, despite weight gain or weight loss observed in relation to the stage of the disease [8,9], the mechanism of this change in PD remains still controversial.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 76%
“…In both PD patients and controls we collected age (years), weight (kg), height (m), BMI (kg/m 2 ), olfactory and gustatory function, cognitive performance, apathy and fatigue [20]. The cognitive performance was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [6,21,22], fatigue and apathy were assessed by the Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale (PFS) [23] and the Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS) [24], respectively. Among PD patients, motor severity was evaluated by the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) modified scale [25], motor disability by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) [26] and therapy was assessed using levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD) [27].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Taste is the body's other major chemosensory system and acts as the final arbiter of food acceptance or rejection behavior (Scott, 2005). Deficits in taste function has also been described in PD (Cossu et al, 2018;Cecchini et al, 2019).…”
Section: Taste Physiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In most neurodegenerative diseases, hyposmia or anosmia occurs long before the onset of clinical signs. In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the olfactory impairment might precede the motor dysfunction by many years (Haehner et al, 2007;Doty, 2012) and correlates with a decline in cognition (Cecchini et al, 2016(Cecchini et al, , 2019Iannilli et al, 2017;Masala et al, 2018). Furthermore, in Alzheimer disease (AD), the extent of olfactory dysfunction might predict the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to AD (Devanand et al, 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%