Oestrogen suppression—lessons from clinical studies

Aluminium, carbonyls and cytokines in human nipple aspirate fluids: Possible relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress and breast cancer microenvironment

“…It is well known that BC does have an environmental component, and although risk factors have been validated, prevention will not become possible until the main environmental causes can be identified. The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to estrogens, and the extent of involvement of estrogens in the growth of many human BC types has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [5]. However, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess estrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to BC development [6,7].…”

Aluminium, carbonyls and cytokines in human nipple aspirate fluids: Possible relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress and breast cancer microenvironment

“…It is well known that BC does have an environmental component, and although risk factors have been validated, prevention will not become possible until the main environmental causes can be identified. The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to estrogens, and the extent of involvement of estrogens in the growth of many human BC types has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [5]. However, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess estrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to BC development [6,7].…”

Aluminium and human breast diseases

“…The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to oestrogen, which can be increased through alterations to age of menarche/menopause, lack of childbearing/breast feeding [16,17] or use of the oral contraceptive pill [22] or hormone replacement therapy [23,24]. The extent of involvement of oestrogen in the growth of many human breast cancers has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [25]. With this background evidence for involvement of oestrogen in breast cancer, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess oestrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to breast cancer development [4,5,9,26,27].…”

Focused Libraries of 16‐Substituted Estrone Derivatives and Modified E‐Ring Steroids: Inhibitors of 17ß‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Aromatase inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of androgens into estrogens, are currently used as an adjuvant therapy to treat HDBC. [5] It has been shown that steroid sulfatase is the main enzyme likely to be responsible for estrone (E1) production in hormone-dependent breast tumours, as estrone production in such tumours is approximately ten times higher per gram of protein for the sulfatase pathway (estrone-3-O-sulfate to estrone) than for the aromatase pathway.…”

Aluminium, carbonyls and cytokines in human nipple aspirate fluids: Possible relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress and breast cancer microenvironment

“…It is well known that BC does have an environmental component, and although risk factors have been validated, prevention will not become possible until the main environmental causes can be identified. The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to estrogens, and the extent of involvement of estrogens in the growth of many human BC types has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [5]. However, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess estrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to BC development [6,7].…”

Aluminium and human breast diseases

“…The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to oestrogen, which can be increased through alterations to age of menarche/menopause, lack of childbearing/breast feeding [16,17] or use of the oral contraceptive pill [22] or hormone replacement therapy [23,24]. The extent of involvement of oestrogen in the growth of many human breast cancers has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [25]. With this background evidence for involvement of oestrogen in breast cancer, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess oestrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to breast cancer development [4,5,9,26,27].…”

Focused Libraries of 16‐Substituted Estrone Derivatives and Modified E‐Ring Steroids: Inhibitors of 17ß‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Aromatase inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of androgens into estrogens, are currently used as an adjuvant therapy to treat HDBC. [5] It has been shown that steroid sulfatase is the main enzyme likely to be responsible for estrone (E1) production in hormone-dependent breast tumours, as estrone production in such tumours is approximately ten times higher per gram of protein for the sulfatase pathway (estrone-3-O-sulfate to estrone) than for the aromatase pathway.…”

Aluminium, carbonyls and cytokines in human nipple aspirate fluids: Possible relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress and breast cancer microenvironment

“…It is well known that BC does have an environmental component, and although risk factors have been validated, prevention will not become possible until the main environmental causes can be identified. The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to estrogens, and the extent of involvement of estrogens in the growth of many human BC types has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [5]. However, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess estrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to BC development [6,7].…”

Aluminium and human breast diseases

“…The main identified risk factor remains lifetime exposure to oestrogen, which can be increased through alterations to age of menarche/menopause, lack of childbearing/breast feeding [16,17] or use of the oral contraceptive pill [22] or hormone replacement therapy [23,24]. The extent of involvement of oestrogen in the growth of many human breast cancers has been the basis for the successful use of endocrine therapy as a targeted treatment [25]. With this background evidence for involvement of oestrogen in breast cancer, there is an urgent need to resolve the issue as to whether the many environmental compounds which can be measured as having entered into the human breast and which possess oestrogenic activity could contribute an environmental component to breast cancer development [4,5,9,26,27].…”

Focused Libraries of 16‐Substituted Estrone Derivatives and Modified E‐Ring Steroids: Inhibitors of 17ß‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Aromatase inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of androgens into estrogens, are currently used as an adjuvant therapy to treat HDBC. [5] It has been shown that steroid sulfatase is the main enzyme likely to be responsible for estrone (E1) production in hormone-dependent breast tumours, as estrone production in such tumours is approximately ten times higher per gram of protein for the sulfatase pathway (estrone-3-O-sulfate to estrone) than for the aromatase pathway.…”