Oestrogen receptors in the central nervous system and evidence for their role in the control of cardiovascular function

Spary, Emma J.; Maqbool, Azhar; Batten, Trevor

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.05.008

Cited by 64 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…The effect was CCK-dependent, and, most importantly, many of the neurons expressing c-Fos also expressed ER␣ (17). The cmNTS has the densest population of ER␣-expressing neurons in the NTS (17,643,663,668,688,689,757).…”

Section: Site Of Er Controlling Eatingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

408

349

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(HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of amounts eaten in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. These controls result from interactions among genetic effects, organizational effects of reproductive hormones (i.e., permanent early developmental effects), and activational effects of these hormones (i.e., effects dependent on hormone levels). Male-female sex differences in the physiology of eating involve both organizational and activational effects of androgens and estrogens. An activational effect of estrogens decreases eating 1) during the periovulatory period of the ovarian cycle in rats, mice, monkeys, and women and 2) tonically between puberty and reproductive senescence or ovariectomy in rats and monkeys, sometimes in mice, and possibly in women. Estrogens acting on estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣) in the caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract appear to mediate these effects in rats. Androgens, prolactin, and other reproductive hormones also affect eating in rats. Sex differences in eating are mediated by alterations in orosensory capacity and hedonics, gastric mechanoreception, ghrelin, CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, amylin, apolipoprotein A-IV, fatty-acid oxidation, and leptin. The control of eating by central neurochemical signaling via serotonin, MSH, neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone, and dopamine is modulated by HPG function. Finally, sex differences in the physiology of eating may contribute to human obesity, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating. The variety and physiological importance of what has been learned so far warrant intensifying basic, translational, and clinical research on sex differences in eating.neuroendocrinology; estrogens; testosterone; eating disorders; obesity SEX DIFFERENCES ARE PERVASIVE in physiology and medicine (51,64,73,109,110,466,797,826). The controls of eating and energy homeostasis are no exceptions. It was observed approximately 100 years ago that removal of the ovaries leads to marked accretion of adipose tissue in rats (697), that daily food intake expressed as kilocalories per gram body weight differs between male and female rats (778), and that food intake varies regularly through the ovarian cycle in intact female rats (674, 779). Sex differences in eating have been the subject of physiological research ever since. The clinical relevance of this work is increasingly evident. In the United States, women are approximately threefold more vulnerable than men to psychiatric eating disorders (346,351) and approximately twofold more vulnerable to severe and morbid obesity (BMI Ն 35 and 40 kg/m 2 , respectively, mass/height 2 ) (226). Women also appear to suffer more from these disorders in terms of physical and psychological functioning and quality of life (24,84,273,292,465,531,762). The increased obesity burden suffered by women is reflected in the fact that Ͼ80% of bariatric surgery patients in the U...

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Section: Site Of Er Controlling Eatingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

408

349

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2). It is also possible that the different rapid effects of 17b-estradiol are mediated by different combinations of the above receptor types in different neuronal cell types (Raz et al, 2008;Spary et al, 2009;Scott et al, 2012;Akama et al, 2013;Srivastava and Evans, 2013). There is also increasing evidence that a subpopulation of ERs are found at extranuclear sites and specifically at synapses, a subcellular localization consistent with the ability of these receptors to couple to second messenger signaling pathways.…”

Section: Coupling Of Estrogen Receptors To Second Messenger Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens

Srivastava

Woolfrey

Penzes³

2013

Pharmacol Rev

118

134

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“…Transcriptional effects are mediated by two isoforms of 'conventional' ER -ER ␣ and ER ␤ -which have been localised to cell nuclei in several brain areas involved in autonomic regulation [15] . The possibility that other plasma membrane-associated ERs might be implicated in a wide variety of neural and extraneural targets of oestrogen action has received much debate, since specific binding sites for oestrogen were described at the outer surface of isolated endometrial cells [16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel G Protein-Coupled Oestrogen Receptor GPR30 Shows Changes in mRNA Expression in the Rat Brain over the Oestrous Cycle

Spary¹,

Chapman²,

Sinfield³

et al. 2013

Neurosignals

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Oestrogen influences autonomic function via actions at classical nuclear oestrogen receptors α and β in the brain, and recent evidence suggests the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 may also function as a cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor. We investigated the expression of GPR30 in female rat brains throughout the oestrous cycle and after ovariectomy to determine whether GPR30 expression in central autonomic nuclei is correlated with circulating oestrogen levels. In the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) GPR30 mRNA, quantified by real-time PCR, was increased in proestrus and oestrus. In ovariectomised (OVX) rats, expression in NTS and VLM appeared increased compared to metoestrus, but in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and PAG lower mRNA levels were seen in OVX. GPR30-like immunoreactivity (GPR30-LI) colocalised with Golgi in neurones in many brain areas associated with autonomic pathways, and analysis of numbers of immunoreactive neurones showed differences consistent with the PCR data. GPR30-LI was found in a variety of transmitter phenotypes, including cholinergic, serotonergic, catecholaminergic and nitrergic neurones in different neuronal groups. These observations support the view that GPR30 could act as a rapid transducer responding to oestrogen levels and thus modulate the activity of central autonomic pathways.

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Oestrogen receptors in the central nervous system and evidence for their role in the control of cardiovascular function

Cited by 64 publications

References 160 publications

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens

Novel G Protein-Coupled Oestrogen Receptor GPR30 Shows Changes in mRNA Expression in the Rat Brain over the Oestrous Cycle

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